1638
1638 (MDCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1638th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 638th year of the 2nd millennium, the 38th year of the 17th century, and the 9th year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1638, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
June 20: Battle of Kallo
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 16th century – 17th century – 18th century |
| Decades: | 1600s 1610s 1620s – 1630s – 1640s 1650s 1660s |
| Years: | 1635 1636 1637 – 1638 – 1639 1640 1641 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1638 MDCXXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2391 |
| Armenian calendar | 1087 ԹՎ ՌՁԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6388 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1559–1560 |
| Bengali calendar | 1045 |
| Berber calendar | 2588 |
| English Regnal year | 13 Cha. 1 – 14 Cha. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2182 |
| Burmese calendar | 1000 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7146–7147 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 4334 or 4274 — to — 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 4335 or 4275 |
| Coptic calendar | 1354–1355 |
| Discordian calendar | 2804 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1630–1631 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5398–5399 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1694–1695 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1559–1560 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4738–4739 |
| Holocene calendar | 11638 |
| Igbo calendar | 638–639 |
| Iranian calendar | 1016–1017 |
| Islamic calendar | 1047–1048 |
| Japanese calendar | Kan'ei 15 (寛永１５年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1559–1560 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3971 |
| Minguo calendar | 274 before ROC 民前274年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 170 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2180–2181 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1764 or 1383 or 611 — to — 阳土虎年 (male Earth-Tiger) 1765 or 1384 or 612 |
Births
Elisabetta Sirani
Frederik Ruysch
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Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve
January–March
- January 1
- Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières, French writer (d. 1694)
- Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
- Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (d. 1686)
- January 7
- January 8 – Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (d. 1665)
- January 12 – Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1701)
- January 20 – Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1690)
- January 21
- February 13 – Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1688)
- February 18 – Ikeda Tsunamasa, Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Okayama Domain (d. 1714)
- February 25 – Jørgen Iversen Dyppel, Governor of the Danish West Indies (d. 1683)
- February 28 – John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Hyndford, Scottish nobleman (d. 1710)
- March 6
- March 10 – John Vesey, Irish archbishop (d. 1716)
- March 14 – Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic and religious leader, critic of Lutheranism (d. 1710)
- March 15 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661)
- March 16 – François Crépieul, Jesuit missionary in Canada (d. 1702)
- March 28 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1731)
April–June
- April 2
- May 9 – Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos, Colombian painter (d. 1711)
- May 11 – Guy-Crescent Fagon, French physician and botanist (d. 1718)
- May 12 – Pedro Atanasio Bocanegra, Spanish artist (d. 1688)
- May 13 – Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (d. 1712)
- May 29 – John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, English nobleman and politician (d. 1711)
- June 2 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (d. 1709)
- June 3 – Thomas Smith, English scholar (d. 1710)
- June 8 – Pierre Magnol, French botanist (d. 1715)
- June 21 – Sir William Roberts, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1688)
- June 23 – Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (d. 1679)
- June 27 – Samuel Frisching, Bernese soldier and politician (d. 1721)
- June 28 – Louise Marie de La Grange d'Arquien, French noblewoman (d. 1728)
- June 29 – Heinrich Meibom, German physicist and scholar (d. 1700)
July–September
- July 10 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685)
- July 11 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (d. 1708)
- July 15 – Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian composer (d. 1693)
- July 20 – Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (d. 1704)
- July 25 – Cristobal of Saint Catherine, Spanish Catholic priest (d. 1690)
- August 3 – William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1650–1665) (d. 1665)
- August 6 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (d. 1715)[1]
- August 7 – John Tufton, 4th Earl of Thanet, English politician (d. 1680)
- August 13 – Durgadas Rathore, Indian ruler (d. 1718)
- August 15 – Pieter de Graeff, Dutch politician and noble (d. 1707)
- August 22 – Georg Christoph Eimmart, German engraver (d. 1705)
- September 5 – King Louis XIV of France, King of France from 1643 until his death (d. 1715)
- September 10 – Maria Theresa of Spain, French queen, married to Louis XIV of France (d. 1683)
- September 19 – Isaac Milles, English minister (d. 1720)
- September 20 – Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (d. 1702)
- September 21 – Philippe de Courcillon, French officer and author (d. 1720)
- September 30 – Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg, German nobleman (d. 1705)
October–December
- October 7 – Miguel Jerónimo de Molina, Spanish prelate, Bishop of Malta, then of Lleida in Catalonia (d. 1698)
- October 14 – Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena, German noble (d. 1678)
- October 17 – John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen (1654–1704) (d. 1704)
- October 21 – Lucia Wijbrants, Dutch artist (d. 1719)
- October 31 – Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (d. 1709)
- November 4 – Nuno Álvares Pereira de Melo, 1st Duke of Cadaval, Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d. 1725)
- November 8 – Anton van Dale, Dutch minister (d. 1708)
- November 22 – Christoph Cellarius, German classical scholar (d. 1707)
- November 25 – Catherine of Braganza, Portuguese princess, queen consort of Charles II of England (d. 1705)[2]
- November 30 – Joachim Feller, German professor at the University of Leipzig (d. 1691)
- December 17 – Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Abbesses of Quedlinburg (d. 1683)
- December 24 – Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna, Spanish nobleman (d. 1692)
- December 25 – Michel Bégon, French ancien regime official (d. 1710)
Date unknown
- Hannah Allen, British writer (d. 1668)
Deaths
Cornelis van Haarlem
Barbara Longhi
- January 21 – Ignazio Donati, Italian composer (b. c. 1570)
- January 27 – Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, Spanish novelist (b. c. 1585)
- February 26 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (b. 1581)
- March 2 – William Spring of Pakenham, Member of Parliament (b. 1588)
- March 22 – Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1578)
- April 1 – Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough, English politician (b. 1595)
- April 7 – Shimazu Tadatsune, Japanese ruler of Satsuma (b. 1576)
- April 13 – Henri, Duke of Rohan, French Huguenot leader (b. 1579)
- April 19 – Jeremias Drexel, Jesuit writer and professor of rhetoric (b. 1581)
- April 26 – Margareta Brahe, Swedish political activist (b. 1564)
- May 6
- May 9 – Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1585)
- May 27 – Pietro Paolo Floriani, Italian architect (b. 1585)
- June 25 – Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish writer (b. 1602)
- July 27 – John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1583)
- July 31 – Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (b. 1621)
- August 3 – Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noble (b. 1605)
- August 10 – Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1586–1638) (b. 1571)
- August 12 – Baltasar Marradas, Spanish count (b. 1560)
- August 13 – Carolus Mulerius, Dutch Hispanist (b. 1601)
- August 27 – John Hoskins, English poet (b. 1566)
- September – Christoph Besold, German jurist (b. 1577)
- September 5 – Dorothea of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (b. 1556)
- September 14 – John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607)
- September 24 – Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1604–1622) (b. 1573)
- October 6 – Jacob Dircksz de Graeff, Dutch mayor (b. 1579)
- October 4 – Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (b. 1632)
- October 8 – Raja Wodeyar II, King of Mysore (b. 1612)
- October 14 – Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)
- October 23 – John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (b. 1566)
- October 28 – Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre, English baron (b. 1599)
- November 9 – Johann Heinrich Alsted, German theologian (b. 1588)
- November 11 – Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (b. 1562)
- November 16 – Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon (b. 1572)
- November 19 – Lelio Biscia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1575)
- November 27
- December 8 – Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet (b. 1589)
- December 13 – Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (b. 1584)
- December 17 – François Leclerc du Tremblay (b. 1577)
- December 23 – Barbara Longhi, Italian painter (b. 1552)
References
- Nadler, Steven (2000). The Cambridge companion to Malebranche. Cambridge England New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780521627290.
- Panton, Kenneth (2011). Historical dictionary of the British monarchy. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 562. ISBN 9780810874978.
- Carey, Patrick (2000). Biographical dictionary of Christian theologians. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 273. ISBN 9780313296499.
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