vulnerar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vulnerāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (Central) [bul.nəˈɾa]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [vul.nəˈɾa]
  • IPA(key): (Valencian) [vul.neˈɾaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
  • Hyphenation: vul‧ne‧rar

Verb

vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulnerí, past participle vulnerat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /e/

  1. to harm, damage (e.g. a reputation)
  2. to infringe, violate (e.g. one's rights)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of vulnerar (first conjugation)
infinitive vulnerar
gerund vulnerant
past participle masculine feminine
singular vulnerat vulnerada
plural vulnerats vulnerades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present vulnero vulneres vulnera vulnerem vulnereu vulneren
imperfect vulnerava vulneraves vulnerava vulneràvem vulneràveu vulneraven
future vulneraré vulneraràs vulnerarà vulnerarem vulnerareu vulneraran
preterite vulnerí vulnerares vulnerà vulneràrem vulneràreu vulneraren
conditional vulneraria vulneraries vulneraria vulneraríem vulneraríeu vulnerarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present vulneri vulneris vulneri vulnerem vulnereu vulnerin
imperfect vulnerés vulneressis vulnerés vulneréssim vulneréssiu vulneressin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — vulnera vulneri vulnerem vulnereu vulnerin
negative (no) — no vulneris no vulneri no vulnerem no vulnereu no vulnerin

References
  • “vulnerar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin vulnerāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bulneˈɾaɾ/ [bul.neˈɾaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Hyphenation: vul‧ne‧rar

Verb

vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulnerei, past participle vulnerado)

  1. to wound, injure
  2. to act against, to diminish the power or authority of (something)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of vulnerar
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti)		 Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal vulnerar
Personal vulnerar vulnerares vulnerar vulnerarmos vulnerardes vulneraren
Gerund
vulnerando
Past participle
Masculine vulnerado vulnerados
Feminine vulnerada vulneradas
Indicative
Present vulnero vulneras vulnera vulneramos vulnerades vulneran
Imperfect vulneraba vulnerabas vulneraba vulnerabamos vulnerabades vulneraban
Preterite vulnerei vulneraches vulnerou vulneramos vulnerastes vulneraron
Pluperfect vulnerara vulneraras vulnerara vulneraramos vulnerarades vulneraran
Future vulnerarei vulnerarás vulnerará vulneraremos vulneraredes vulnerarán
Conditional vulneraría vulnerarías vulneraría vulnerariamos vulnerariades vulnerarían
Subjunctive
Present vulnere vulneres vulnere vulneremos vulneredes vulneren
Imperfect vulnerase vulnerases vulnerase vulnerásemos vulnerásedes vulnerasen
Future vulnerar vulnerares vulnerar vulnerarmos vulnerardes vulneraren
Imperative
Affirmative vulnera vulnere vulneremos vulnerade vulneren
Negative (non) non vulneres non vulnere non vulneremos non vulneredes non vulneren
    Reintegrated conjugation of vulnerar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti / tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal vulnerar
Personal vulnerar vulnerares vulnerar vulnerarmos vulnerardes vulnerarem
Gerund
vulnerando
Past participle
Masculine vulnerado vulnerados
Feminine vulnerada vulneradas
Indicative
Present vulnero vulneras vulnera vulneramos vulnerades, vulnerais vulneram
Imperfect vulnerava vulneravas vulnerava vulnerávamos vulnerávades, vulneráveis, vulnerávais1 vulneravam
Preterite vulnerei vulneraste, vulnerache1 vulnerou vulneramos vulnerastes vulnerárom, vulneraram
Pluperfect vulnerara vulneraras vulnerara vulneráramos vulnerárades, vulneráreis, vulnerárais1 vulneraram
Future vulnerarei vulnerarás vulnerará vulneraremos vulneraredes, vulnerareis vulnerarám, vulnerarão
Conditional vulneraria vulnerarias vulneraria vulneraríamos vulneraríades, vulneraríeis, vulneraríais1 vulnerariam
Subjunctive
Present vulnere vulneres vulnere vulneremos vulneredes, vulnereis vulnerem
Imperfect vulnerasse vulnerasses vulnerasse vulnerássemos vulnerássedes, vulnerásseis vulnerassem
Future vulnerar vulnerares vulnerar vulnerarmos vulnerardes vulnerarem
Imperative
Affirmative vulnera vulnere vulneremos vulnerade, vulnerai vulnerem
Negative (nom) nom vulneres nom vulnere nom vulneremos nom vulneredes, nom vulnereis nom vulnerem

1Less recommended.

Portuguese

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ɾ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(ɾ)]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ɻ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(ɻ)]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /vul.nɨˈɾaɾ/ [vuɫ.nɨˈɾaɾ]
    • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /bul.nɨˈɾaɾ/ [buɫ.nɨˈɾaɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /vul.nɨˈɾa.ɾi/ [vuɫ.nɨˈɾa.ɾi]

  • Hyphenation: vul‧ne‧rar

Verb

vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulnerei, past participle vulnerado)

  1. (transitive) to wound; to hurt; to injure
    Synonyms: ferir, lesar, machucar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of vulnerar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal vulnerar
Personal vulnerar vulnerares vulnerar vulnerarmos vulnerardes vulnerarem
Gerund
vulnerando
Past participle
Masculine vulnerado vulnerados
Feminine vulnerada vulneradas
Indicative
Present vulnero vulneras vulnera vulneramos vulnerais vulneram
Imperfect vulnerava vulneravas vulnerava vulnerávamos vulneráveis vulneravam
Preterite vulnerei vulneraste vulnerou vulneramos1, vulnerámos2 vulnerastes vulneraram
Pluperfect vulnerara vulneraras vulnerara vulneráramos vulneráreis vulneraram
Future vulnerarei vulnerarás vulnerará vulneraremos vulnerareis vulnerarão
Conditional vulneraria vulnerarias vulneraria vulneraríamos vulneraríeis vulnerariam
Subjunctive
Present vulnere vulneres vulnere vulneremos vulnereis vulnerem
Imperfect vulnerasse vulnerasses vulnerasse vulnerássemos vulnerásseis vulnerassem
Future vulnerar vulnerares vulnerar vulnerarmos vulnerardes vulnerarem
Imperative
Affirmative vulnera vulnere vulneremos vulnerai vulnerem
Negative (não) não vulneres não vulnere não vulneremos não vulnereis não vulnerem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vulnerāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bulneˈɾaɾ/ [bul.neˈɾaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: vul‧ne‧rar

Verb

vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulneré, past participle vulnerado)

  1. to damage or injure
  2. to violate, to breach, to undermine, to infringe upon, to impinge upon, to contravene

Conjugation
    Conjugation of vulnerar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive vulnerar
gerund vulnerando
past participle masculine feminine
singular vulnerado vulnerada
plural vulnerados vulneradas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present vulnero vulnerastú
vulnerásvos		 vulnera vulneramos vulneráis vulneran
imperfect vulneraba vulnerabas vulneraba vulnerábamos vulnerabais vulneraban
preterite vulneré vulneraste vulneró vulneramos vulnerasteis vulneraron
future vulneraré vulnerarás vulnerará vulneraremos vulneraréis vulnerarán
conditional vulneraría vulnerarías vulneraría vulneraríamos vulneraríais vulnerarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present vulnere vulnerestú
vulnerésvos2		 vulnere vulneremos vulneréis vulneren
imperfect
(ra)		 vulnerara vulneraras vulnerara vulneráramos vulnerarais vulneraran
imperfect
(se)		 vulnerase vulnerases vulnerase vulnerásemos vulneraseis vulnerasen
future1 vulnerare vulnerares vulnerare vulneráremos vulnerareis vulneraren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative vulneratú
vulnerávos		 vulnere vulneremos vulnerad vulneren
negative no vulneres no vulnere no vulneremos no vulneréis no vulneren

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of vulnerar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive vulnerar
dative vulnerarme vulnerarte vulnerarle, vulnerarse vulnerarnos vulneraros vulnerarles, vulnerarse
accusative vulnerarme vulnerarte vulnerarlo, vulnerarla, vulnerarse vulnerarnos vulneraros vulnerarlos, vulnerarlas, vulnerarse
with gerund vulnerando
dative vulnerándome vulnerándote vulnerándole, vulnerándose vulnerándonos vulnerándoos vulnerándoles, vulnerándose
accusative vulnerándome vulnerándote vulnerándolo, vulnerándola, vulnerándose vulnerándonos vulnerándoos vulnerándolos, vulnerándolas, vulnerándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative vulnera
dative vulnérame vulnérate vulnérale vulnéranos not used vulnérales
accusative vulnérame vulnérate vulnéralo, vulnérala vulnéranos not used vulnéralos, vulnéralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative vulnerá
dative vulnerame vulnerate vulnerale vulneranos not used vulnerales
accusative vulnerame vulnerate vulneralo, vulnerala vulneranos not used vulneralos, vulneralas
with formal second-person singular imperative vulnere
dative vulnéreme not used vulnérele, vulnérese vulnérenos not used vulnéreles
accusative vulnéreme not used vulnérelo, vulnérela, vulnérese vulnérenos not used vulnérelos, vulnérelas
with first-person plural imperative vulneremos
dative not used vulnerémoste vulnerémosle vulnerémonos vulnerémoos vulnerémosles
accusative not used vulnerémoste vulnerémoslo, vulnerémosla vulnerémonos vulnerémoos vulnerémoslos, vulnerémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative vulnerad
dative vulneradme not used vulneradle vulneradnos vulneraos vulneradles
accusative vulneradme not used vulneradlo, vulneradla vulneradnos vulneraos vulneradlos, vulneradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative vulneren
dative vulnérenme not used vulnérenle vulnérennos not used vulnérenles, vulnérense
accusative vulnérenme not used vulnérenlo, vulnérenla vulnérennos not used vulnérenlos, vulnérenlas, vulnérense

Further reading
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