topar
Asturian
Verb
topar (first-person singular indicative present topo, past participle topáu)
- Alternative form of atopar
Conjugation
infinitive | topar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | topando | ||||||
past participle | m topáu, f topada, n topao, m pl topaos, f pl topaes | ||||||
person | first singular yo |
second singular tu |
third singular él/elli |
first plural nosotros/nós |
second plural vosotros/vós |
third plural ellos | |
indicative | present | topo | topes | topa | topamos | topáis | topen |
imperfect | topaba | topabes | topaba | topábemos, topábamos | topabeis, topabais | topaben | |
preterite | topé | topasti, topesti | topó | topemos | topastis, topestis | toparon | |
pluperfect | topare, topara | topares, toparas | topare, topara | topáremos, topáramos | topareis, toparais | toparen, toparan | |
future | toparé | toparás | topará | toparemos | toparéis | toparán | |
conditional | toparía | toparíes | toparía | toparíemos, toparíamos | toparíeis, toparíais | toparíen | |
subjunctive | present | tope | topes, topas | tope | topemos | topéis | topen, topan |
imperfect | topare, topara | topares, toparas | topare, topara | topáremos, topáramos | topareis, toparais | toparen, toparan | |
imperative | — | topa | — | — | topái | — |
Catalan
Etymology
Onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
Verb
topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topí, past participle topat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /o/
- (transitive, intransitive) to crash
- to run into, to come across
Conjugation
infinitive | topar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | topant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | topat | topada | |||||
plural | topats | topades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | topo | topes | topa | topem | topeu | topen | |
imperfect | topava | topaves | topava | topàvem | topàveu | topaven | |
future | toparé | toparàs | toparà | toparem | topareu | toparan | |
preterite | topí | topares | topà | topàrem | topàreu | toparen | |
conditional | toparia | toparies | toparia | toparíem | toparíeu | toparien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | topi | topis | topi | topem | topeu | topin | |
imperfect | topés | topessis | topés | topéssim | topéssiu | topessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | topa | topi | topem | topeu | topin | |
negative (no) | — | no topis | no topi | no topem | no topeu | no topin |
Further reading
- “topar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “topar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “topar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “topar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /toˈpaɾ/
Verb
topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topei, past participle topado)
- Alternative form of atopar
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | topar | |||||
Personal | topar | topares | topar | toparmos | topardes | toparen |
Gerund | ||||||
topando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | topado | topados | ||||
Feminine | topada | topadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | topo | topas | topa | topamos | topades | topan |
Imperfect | topaba | topabas | topaba | topabamos | topabades | topaban |
Preterite | topei | topaches | topou | topamos | topastes | toparon |
Pluperfect | topara | toparas | topara | toparamos | toparades | toparan |
Future | toparei | toparás | topará | toparemos | toparedes | toparán |
Conditional | toparía | toparías | toparía | topariamos | topariades | toparían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | tope | topes | tope | topemos | topedes | topen |
Imperfect | topase | topases | topase | topásemos | topásedes | topasen |
Future | topar | topares | topar | toparmos | topardes | toparen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | topa | tope | topemos | topade | topen | |
Negative (non) | non topes | non tope | non topemos | non topedes | non topen |
1Less recommended.
Ladino
Verb
topar (Latin spelling)
- to find
- (reflexive) to be found, to be located
- Synonym: (Monastir) iscuntrar
- 2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom:
- La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.
- The Jewish district is located in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *to-od-bur, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”).[1] However, compare inbhir (“mouth of a river”). Synonymous with tipra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtobar/
Inflection
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | topar | toparL | topairL |
Vocative | topair | toparL | topruH |
Accusative | toparN | toparL | topruH |
Genitive | topairL | topar | toparN |
Dative | toparL | topraib | topraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
- toparach
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
topar | thopar | topar pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “tobar”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /toˈpa(ʁ)/ [toˈpa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /toˈpa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /toˈpa(ʁ)/ [toˈpa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /toˈpa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /tuˈpaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /tuˈpa.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: to‧par
Verb
topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topei, past participle topado)
- (transitive) to come across, encounter
- (transitive, colloquial, Portugal) to understand
- Synonym: perceber
- (transitive, colloquial, Brazil) to accept (an invitation, a challenge etc.)
- Synonym: aceitar
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | topar | |||||
Personal | topar | topares | topar | toparmos | topardes | toparem |
Gerund | ||||||
topando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | topado | topados | ||||
Feminine | topada | topadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | topo | topas | topa | topamos | topais | topam |
Imperfect | topava | topavas | topava | topávamos | topáveis | topavam |
Preterite | topei | topaste | topou | topamos1, topámos2 | topastes | toparam |
Pluperfect | topara | toparas | topara | topáramos | topáreis | toparam |
Future | toparei | toparás | topará | toparemos | topareis | toparão |
Conditional | toparia | toparias | toparia | toparíamos | toparíeis | topariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | tope | topes | tope | topemos | topeis | topem |
Imperfect | topasse | topasses | topasse | topássemos | topásseis | topassem |
Future | topar | topares | topar | toparmos | topardes | toparem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | topa | tope | topemos | topai | topem | |
Negative (não) | não topes | não tope | não topemos | não topeis | não topem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
Etymology
Onomatopoeic, imitative of the sound made by two objects knocking into one another.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /toˈpaɾ/ [t̪oˈpaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: to‧par
Verb
topar (first-person singular present topo, first-person singular preterite topé, past participle topado)
- (transitive) to come across, encounter
- (transitive) to knock against, hit, strike, touch
- (transitive, colloquial, Mexico, El Salvador) to finish (a videogame)
- ¿Ya topaste el nuevo juego que compraste?
- Did you already finish the new game you bought?
- (transitive, colloquial, El Salvador) to confront (someone)
- Synonym: confrontar
- Topá al maestro si no te quiere subir las notas.
- Confront the teacher if he doesn't want to raise your grades.
- (transitive, colloquial, El Salvador) to grope (To touch (another person) closely and (especially) sexually); to engage in heavy petting.
- Había un pareja topándose entre ellos en el bus.
- There was a couple groping each other on the bus.
- Me topé a mi novio en mi casa.
- I groped my boyfriend at my house.
Conjugation
infinitive | topar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | topando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | topado | topada | |||||
plural | topados | topadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | topo | topastú topásvos |
topa | topamos | topáis | topan | |
imperfect | topaba | topabas | topaba | topábamos | topabais | topaban | |
preterite | topé | topaste | topó | topamos | topasteis | toparon | |
future | toparé | toparás | topará | toparemos | toparéis | toparán | |
conditional | toparía | toparías | toparía | toparíamos | toparíais | toparían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | tope | topestú topésvos2 |
tope | topemos | topéis | topen | |
imperfect (ra) |
topara | toparas | topara | topáramos | toparais | toparan | |
imperfect (se) |
topase | topases | topase | topásemos | topaseis | topasen | |
future1 | topare | topares | topare | topáremos | topareis | toparen | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | topatú topávos |
tope | topemos | topad | topen | ||
negative | no topes | no tope | no topemos | no topéis | no topen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive topar | |||||||
dative | toparme | toparte | toparle, toparse | toparnos | toparos | toparles, toparse | |
accusative | toparme | toparte | toparlo, toparla, toparse | toparnos | toparos | toparlos, toparlas, toparse | |
with gerund topando | |||||||
dative | topándome | topándote | topándole, topándose | topándonos | topándoos | topándoles, topándose | |
accusative | topándome | topándote | topándolo, topándola, topándose | topándonos | topándoos | topándolos, topándolas, topándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative topa | |||||||
dative | tópame | tópate | tópale | tópanos | not used | tópales | |
accusative | tópame | tópate | tópalo, tópala | tópanos | not used | tópalos, tópalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative topá | |||||||
dative | topame | topate | topale | topanos | not used | topales | |
accusative | topame | topate | topalo, topala | topanos | not used | topalos, topalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative tope | |||||||
dative | tópeme | not used | tópele, tópese | tópenos | not used | tópeles | |
accusative | tópeme | not used | tópelo, tópela, tópese | tópenos | not used | tópelos, tópelas | |
with first-person plural imperative topemos | |||||||
dative | not used | topémoste | topémosle | topémonos | topémoos | topémosles | |
accusative | not used | topémoste | topémoslo, topémosla | topémonos | topémoos | topémoslos, topémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative topad | |||||||
dative | topadme | not used | topadle | topadnos | topaos | topadles | |
accusative | topadme | not used | topadlo, topadla | topadnos | topaos | topadlos, topadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative topen | |||||||
dative | tópenme | not used | tópenle | tópennos | not used | tópenles, tópense | |
accusative | tópenme | not used | tópenlo, tópenla | tópennos | not used | tópenlos, tópenlas, tópense |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “topar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | topar | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | èser | gerund | topando | |||
past participle | topà | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | topo | (te) topi | (el/ła) topa | topémo, topòn | topé | (i/łe) topa |
imperfect | topava | (te) topavi | (el/ła) topava | topàvimo | topavi | (i/łe) topava |
future | toparò | (te) toparè | (el/ła) toparà | toparémo | toparè | (i/łe) toparà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | toparìa | (te) toparisi | (el/ła) toparìa | toparìsimo | toparisi | (i/łe) toparìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | tope, topa | (te) topi | (el/ła) tope, (el/ła) topa | topémo, topone | topé | (i/łe) tope, (i/łe) topa |
imperfect | topase | (te) topasi | (el/ła) topase | topàsimo | topasi | (i/łe) topase |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) topa | (el/ła) topa, (el/ła) tope | topémo | topé | (i/łe) topa, (i/łe) tope |