ie
See also: -ie and Appendix:Variations of "ie"
Translingual
Acehnese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compare Indonesian air (“water”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /iə/
References
- Mark Durie, A Grammar of Acehnese: On the Basis of a Dialect of North Aceh (1985)
Aromanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Antonyms
Dutch
Etymology 1
Likely from earlier Middle Dutch hi. Doublet of hij.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
ie
- (Netherlands, colloquial) Third-person singular, masculine, subjective, mute form: he.
- Hoe doet ie dat? ― How does he do that?
Alternative forms
- 'ie (obsolete)
Etymology 2
Likely from unstressed je.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
ie
Inflection
Dutch personal pronouns
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Alternative forms
- 'ie (obsolete)
Usage notes
Was entirely replaced by words like altijd ("always, every time") and ooit ("ever, sometime, at some point") by the late 16th century.
Related terms
Anagrams
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
See also
Esperanto correlatives
Interrogative | Demonstrative | Indefinite | Universal | Negative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ki- | ti- | i- | ĉi- | neni- | ||
Kind of, sort of | -a | kia | tia | ia | ĉia | nenia |
Reason | -al | kial | tial | ial | ĉial | nenial |
Time | -am | kiam | tiam | iam | ĉiam | neniam |
Place | -e | kie | tie | ie | ĉie | nenie |
Motion | -en | kien | tien | ien | ĉien | nenien |
Manner | -el | kiel | tiel | iel | ĉiel | neniel |
Possessive | -es | kies | ties | ies | ĉies | nenies |
Demonstrative pronoun | -o | kio | tio | io | ĉio | nenio |
Amount | -om | kiom | tiom | iom | ĉiom | neniom |
Demonstrative determiner | -u | kiu | tiu | iu | ĉiu | neniu |
Maltese
Letter
ie (upper case Ie)
Usage notes
- Ie was made a letter in its own right only in the 1990s. In older dictionaries, lists, etc., it is treated as i + e.
- Ie is used in stressed syllables only. When unstressed, it is reduced to e or i. In closed syllables, the reduction is generally e; in open syllables it is predominantly i, but both may be possible.
- Before the letters għ, ħ, h, q, the long vowel phonemes i and ie merge. The orthographic distinction is based on etymology and morphological analogy, which causes rather frequent spelling errors even in edited texts.
Middle French
Old Occitan
Romanian
Alternative forms
- iie — nonstandard
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈije/
Etymology 1
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Woman wearing an ie
Inherited from Latin (vestis) līnea (“linen garment”). Doublet of linie (“line”), a later borrowing.
Declension
Related terms
See also
Noun
ie f (plural ii) (rare, archaic)
Declension
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh ief, ieu, from Proto-Brythonic *ī semos (“that is so”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈiː.ɛ/
- Rhymes: -iːɛ
Particle
ie
Usage notes
- Used to reply to questions or statements with a non-verbal element fronted for emphasis. For a regular unemphatic verb-initial question or statement, other words of agreement are employed.
- This word is found in the standard language and also colloquially in south Wales. In the north, ia is the preferred colloquial form.
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ie”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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