helle
See also: Helle
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhelːeˣ/, [ˈhe̞lːe̞(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -elːe
- Syllabification(key): hel‧le
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *heldeh (compare Karelian helleh), from an earlier *šelteš, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian šiltis).[1]
Usage notes
As a technical term, in Finnish weather forecasts the term helle is used of temperatures above +25 °C (77 F).
Declension
| Inflection of helle (Kotus type 48*I/hame, lt-ll gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | helle | helteet | ||
| genitive | helteen | helteiden helteitten | ||
| partitive | hellettä | helteitä | ||
| illative | helteeseen | helteisiin helteihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | helle | helteet | ||
| accusative | nom. | helle | helteet | |
| gen. | helteen | |||
| genitive | helteen | helteiden helteitten | ||
| partitive | hellettä | helteitä | ||
| inessive | helteessä | helteissä | ||
| elative | helteestä | helteistä | ||
| illative | helteeseen | helteisiin helteihin | ||
| adessive | helteellä | helteillä | ||
| ablative | helteeltä | helteiltä | ||
| allative | helteelle | helteille | ||
| essive | helteenä | helteinä | ||
| translative | helteeksi | helteiksi | ||
| abessive | helteettä | helteittä | ||
| instructive | — | heltein | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of helle (Kotus type 48*I/hame, lt-ll gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
References
- Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “helle”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
Further reading
- “helle”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
German
Etymology
Regional variant of German hell. From Middle High German hellen, from the root of hell (“clear, bright”). Cognate with Dutch hel.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adjective
helle (strong nominative masculine singular heller, comparative heller, superlative am hellesten or am hellsten)
- (regional, Northern Germany, Berlin) clever, smart, bright
Declension
Positive forms of helle
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist helle | sie ist helle | es ist helle | sie sind helle | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | heller | helle | helles | helle |
| genitive | hellen | heller | hellen | heller | |
| dative | hellem | heller | hellem | hellen | |
| accusative | hellen | helle | helles | helle | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der helle | die helle | das helle | die hellen |
| genitive | des hellen | der hellen | des hellen | der hellen | |
| dative | dem hellen | der hellen | dem hellen | den hellen | |
| accusative | den hellen | die helle | das helle | die hellen | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein heller | eine helle | ein helles | (keine) hellen |
| genitive | eines hellen | einer hellen | eines hellen | (keiner) hellen | |
| dative | einem hellen | einer hellen | einem hellen | (keinen) hellen | |
| accusative | einen hellen | eine helle | ein helles | (keine) hellen | |
Comparative forms of helle
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist heller | sie ist heller | es ist heller | sie sind heller | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | hellerer | hellere | helleres | hellere |
| genitive | helleren | hellerer | helleren | hellerer | |
| dative | hellerem | hellerer | hellerem | helleren | |
| accusative | helleren | hellere | helleres | hellere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der hellere | die hellere | das hellere | die helleren |
| genitive | des helleren | der helleren | des helleren | der helleren | |
| dative | dem helleren | der helleren | dem helleren | den helleren | |
| accusative | den helleren | die hellere | das hellere | die helleren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein hellerer | eine hellere | ein helleres | (keine) helleren |
| genitive | eines helleren | einer helleren | eines helleren | (keiner) helleren | |
| dative | einem helleren | einer helleren | einem helleren | (keinen) helleren | |
| accusative | einen helleren | eine hellere | ein helleres | (keine) helleren | |
Superlative forms of helle
Karelian
Limburgish
Etymology 1
Unknown.
Usage notes
Root changed into hel, only used as last word of a phrase.
- de hel vrów/de vrów is hel, mer ouch vröntjelik vs. die vrów is helle
Declension
Declension of helle
| number & gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | helle | helle | helle | helle | helle | helle |
| genitive | hells | heller | heller | heller | hells | heller |
| locative | helles | helles | helles | helles | helles | helles |
| vocative1 | helle | |||||
| dative2 | helle | hellen | heller | hellen | helle | hellen |
| accusative2 | helle | hellen | helle | helle | helle | hellen |
| 1Limited to a few fossilized forms. | ||||||
| 2Nowadays obsolete, use the nominative instead. | ||||||
Etymology 2
From hel.
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch hella, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju.
Inflection
| Weak feminine | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | helle | hellen |
| Accusative | helle | hellen |
| Genitive | hellen | hellen |
| Dative | helle, hellen | hellen |
Further reading
- “helle (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “helle (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɛl(ə)/
Proper noun
helle (genitive helles or helle)
- Hell (the Christian place of damnation)
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:28, page 4v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- and nyle ȝe dꝛede hem þat moun ſle þe bodi .· foꝛ þei moun not ſle þe ſoule / but raþere dꝛede ȝe hym þat mai leeſe boþe bodi and ſoule in to helle
- But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.
- Limbo (waiting place for souls)
- (by extension) The underworld in Greco-Roman legend.
References
- “helle, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Noun
References
- “helle, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
helle f or m (definite singular hella or hellen, indefinite plural heller, definite plural hellene)
Synonyms
- (disc made of iron): takke
Derived terms
- bakstehelle
Verb
helle (imperative hell, present tense heller, simple past hellet or helte, past participle hellet or helt, present participle hellende)
Synonyms
- (pour): pøse
Derived terms
References
- “helle” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Synonyms
- (disc made of iron): takke
Derived terms
- bakstehelle
References
- “helle” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Votic
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈhelːæ/, [ˈhelːə̟]
- Rhymes: -elːæ
- Hyphenation: hel‧le
Inflection
| Declension of helle (type VIII/päive, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | helle | helled |
| genitive | hellä | hellije, hellii |
| partitive | hellä | helliite, hellii |
| illative | helläse, hellä | helliise |
| inessive | hellez | helliiz |
| elative | hellesse | helliisse |
| allative | hellele | helliile |
| adessive | hellelle | helliille |
| ablative | hellelte | helliilte |
| translative | hellessi | helliissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “hellä”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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