aste
Basque
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - IPA(key): /as̺te/, [as̺.t̪e̞]
Declension
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | aste | astea | asteak |
ergative | astek | asteak | asteek |
dative | asteri | asteari | asteei |
genitive | asteren | astearen | asteen |
comitative | asterekin | astearekin | asteekin |
causative | asterengatik | astearengatik | asteengatik |
benefactive | asterentzat | astearentzat | asteentzat |
instrumental | astez | asteaz | asteez |
inessive | astetan | astean | asteetan |
locative | astetako | asteko | asteetako |
allative | astetara | astera | asteetara |
terminative | astetaraino | asteraino | asteetaraino |
directive | astetarantz | asterantz | asteetarantz |
destinative | astetarako | asterako | asteetarako |
ablative | astetatik | astetik | asteetatik |
partitive | asterik | — | — |
prolative | astetzat | — | — |
Derived terms
Estonian
Declension
Declension of aste (ÕS type 6/mõte, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | aste | asted | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | aste | ||
genitive | astete | ||
partitive | astet | asteid | |
illative | astesse | astetesse asteisse | |
inessive | astes | astetes asteis | |
elative | astest | astetest asteist | |
allative | astele | astetele asteile | |
adessive | astel | astetel asteil | |
ablative | astelt | astetelt asteilt | |
translative | asteks | asteteks asteiks | |
terminative | asteni | asteteni | |
essive | astena | astetena | |
abessive | asteta | asteteta | |
comitative | astega | astetega |
Declension
Declension of aste (ÕS type 5/liige, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | aste | astmed | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | astme | ||
genitive | astmete | ||
partitive | astet | astmeid | |
illative | astmesse | astmetesse astmeisse | |
inessive | astmes | astmetes astmeis | |
elative | astmest | astmetest astmeist | |
allative | astmele | astmetele astmeile | |
adessive | astmel | astmetel astmeil | |
ablative | astmelt | astmetelt astmeilt | |
translative | astmeks | astmeteks astmeiks | |
terminative | astmeni | astmeteni | |
essive | astmena | astmetena | |
abessive | astmeta | astmeteta | |
comitative | astmega | astmetega |
Derived terms
Finnish
Etymology
astua (“to step”) + -e. Coined by Finnish physician and translator Wolmar Schildt in 1846, based on dialectal "step (in stairs)", cases of which was also used as adverbs with more figurative meanings like those currently used.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑsteˣ/, [ˈɑ̝s̠te̞(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑste
- Syllabification(key): as‧te
Noun
aste
- stage, step, state, phase (distinct part of a process)
- degree, extent, proportion
- degree (individual step, or stage, in any process or scale of values)
- (law) instance (occasion; order of occurrence)
- (geometry) degree (unit of measurement of angle)
- degree (unit of measurement of temperature)
- (geography) degree (unit of measurement of latitude and longitude)
- (linguistics) degree, grade (any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb)
- (linguistics) grade (form of a consonant under the system of consonant gradation)
- (music) scale degree
- Synonym: sävelaste
- (algebra) degree, order (maximal exponent of a polynomial)
- (graph theory) degree (the number of edges that a vertex takes part in)
- (graph theory) order (number of vertices in a graph)
- (algebra) grade (number of free intersection points)
- (medicine) grade (degree of malignity of a tumor)
- (linear algebra) rank (maximal number of linearly independent columns or rows of a matrix)
Declension
Inflection of aste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | aste | asteet | ||
genitive | asteen | asteiden asteitten | ||
partitive | astetta | asteita | ||
illative | asteeseen | asteisiin asteihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | aste | asteet | ||
accusative | nom. | aste | asteet | |
gen. | asteen | |||
genitive | asteen | asteiden asteitten | ||
partitive | astetta | asteita | ||
inessive | asteessa | asteissa | ||
elative | asteesta | asteista | ||
illative | asteeseen | asteisiin asteihin | ||
adessive | asteella | asteilla | ||
ablative | asteelta | asteilta | ||
allative | asteelle | asteille | ||
essive | asteena | asteina | ||
translative | asteeksi | asteiksi | ||
abessive | asteetta | asteitta | ||
instructive | — | astein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of aste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- ala-aste
- alkuaste
- alokasaste
- arvoaste
- aste-ero
- astejako
- astejaotus
- astekulma
- astelevy
- asteluku
- astemitta
- astevaihtelu
- asteverkko
- celsiusaste
- degeneraatioaste
- ensiasteinen
- eriasteinen
- esiaste
- fahrenheitaste
- haitta-aste
- hapetusaste
- hepoasteet
- jalostusaste
- jonkinasteinen
- kaariaste
- kapaloaste
- kehitysaste
- keskiaste
- kirkkausaste
- kokeiluaste
- korkea-aste
- korkea-asteinen
- korkeakouluaste
- koteloaste
- kotimaisuusaste
- kouluaste
- koulutusaste
- kulma-aste
- kypsyysaste
- käyttöaste
- laimennusaste
- lepoaste
- leveysaste
- luonnosaste
- lähtöaste
- lämpöaste
- malja-aste
- miinusaste
- moniasteinen
- moniasteöljy
- muurainaste
- nolla-asteinen
- oikeusaste
- omavaraisuusaste
- opintoaste
- opistoaste
- paahtoaste
- pakkasaste
- perusaste
- peruskouluaste
- pituusaste
- plusaste
- puhtausaste
- rakkula-aste
- sata-asteinen
- selitysaste
- sivistysaste
- sukulaisuusaste
- säästämisaste
- tietynasteinen
- toisasteinen
- toukka-aste
- tuloaste
- työkyvyttömyysaste
- työllisyysaste
- työttömyysaste
- täyttöaste
- uusaste
- vaativuusaste
- vaikeusaste
- vajaakäyttöaste
- valmiusaste
- vammaisuusaste
- vapausaste
- varhaisaste
- velkaantumisaste
- veroaste
- vertailuaste
- väliaste
- yläaste
Further reading
- “aste”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Gothic
Karelian
Latvian
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Etymology
Originally an e-stem variant of an earlier i/n-stem *astis, from Proto-Baltic *asti- < *aš-sti-. Further, two possible Proto-Indo-European sources have been proposed: (a) *h₂eḱ-sti-, from *h₂eḱ- “sharp, pointy, edgy; stone” (whence also ass “sharp”, q.v.), with the meaning changes being “sharp, pointy (object)” > “stinger” > “tail”; and (b) *h₃ésth₁- (“bone”), in which case the semantic evolution would have been “bone” > “tail bone” > “tail” (cf. Icelandic rōfa (“dog's, cat's tail”) from Old Norse rófa (“bony part of a horse's tail”)). In the (a) case, cognates would include Lithuanian akstìs (“skewer, fish bone”) akštìs (“skewer, fish bone, awn”), Old Church Slavonic осътъ (osŭtŭ, “thorny water plant”), остъ (ostŭ, “awn, stinger, fish bone”), Russian ость (ostʹ), Czech osť, Polish ość, Russian осот (osot, “thorny plant”), Bulgarian о́сът (ósǎt), Czech, Polish oset. In the (b) case, cognates would include Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿, Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Albanian asht, Tocharian B āsta, Latin os (and maybe also costa (“rib”)), and perhaps also all the (a) cognates, which some authors also derive from *h₃ésth₁-.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [astɛ]
(file) |
Noun
aste f (5th declension)
- (anatomy) (long) tail
- zirga aste ― horse tail
- suņa aste ― dog tail
- vilka aste ― wolf tail
- gaiļa aste ― rooster tail
- pāva aste ― peacock tail
- kaķis pa to laiku bija izlavījies no pagalma un, izlējis asti, lēni gāja prom ― the cat, meanwhile, had gotten out of the yard and, straightening (his) tail, slowly went away
- kas sunim asti cels, ja pats necels ― who is going to raise a dog's tail if not for the dog himself
- (of objects) tail (extended part at the end)
- lidmašīnas aste ― airplane tail
- kleitas aste ― dress tail
- komētas aste ― comet's tail
- garas rindas stāvēja pie kasēm... paša astē iestājās arī tēvs ― there were long lines at the cashiers... father joined at the very tail (= end) (of one of the lines)
Usage notes
Basically, aste refers to long tails like a horse's, while ļipa refers to short tails like a rabbit's.
Declension
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “aste”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mauritian Creole
References
- Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈasːte/
Verb
aste
- inflection of astat:
- first-person dual present indicative
- third-person plural past indicative
Seychellois Creole
References
- Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français
Swahili
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Declension
Derived terms
- asteaste (“slowly”)