< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hardēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *hard(ī) (hard) + *-ēn.

Verb

*hardēn

  1. to become hard

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive *hardēn
1st sg. past *hard?dā
Infinitive *hardēn
Genitive infin. *hardēnijas
Dative infin. *hardēnijē
Instrum. infin. *hardēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hardē *hard?dā
2nd singular *hardēs *hard?dēs, *hard?dēs
3rd singular *hardēþ *hard?dē, *hard?dā
1st plural *hardēm *hard?dum
2nd plural *hardēþ *hard?dud
3rd plural *hardēnþ *hard?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hardē *hard?dī
2nd singular *hardēs *hard?dī
3rd singular *hardē *hard?dī
1st plural *hardēm *hard?dīm
2nd plural *hardēþ *hard?dīd
3rd plural *hardēn *hard?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hardē
Plural *hardēþ
Present Past
Participle *hardēndī *hard?d

Descendants

  • Old English: heardian
  • Old Frisian: *herdia
    • West Frisian: hurdzje
  • Old Saxon: *hardōn
    • Old Saxon: farhardōn
    • Middle Low German: hārden
  • Old Dutch: *hardon
  • Old High German: hartēn
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