< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tiāĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *cïla-xun (“stone”) (Mongolian чулуу (čuluu, “stone”)), Proto-Tungusic *ʒola (“stone”) (Evenki дёло (ʒolo, “stone”)), Korean 돌 (dol, “stone”) under the Altaic hypothesis. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tiāĺ

  1. stone

Declension
Declension of *tiāĺ
Singular 3)
Nominative *tiāĺ
Accusative *tiāĺnï, *tiāĺïg 4), *tiāĺnïg 1)
Genitive *tiāĺnïŋ
Dative *tiāĺka
Locative *tiāĺta
Ablative *tiāĺtan
Allative *tiāĺgaru
Instrumental 2) *tiāĺïn
Equative 2) *tiāĺča
Similative 2) *tiāĺlayu
Comitative 2) *tiāĺlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱁 (taš)
  • Old Uyghur: t՚š (taš)
  • Karakhanid: تاشْ (tāš)
  • Oghur
  • Arghu
  • Oghuz
    • West Oghuz
    • East Oghuz
    • Salar:
      • Salar: [script needed] (daš), [script needed] (däʰš), [script needed] (dayši)
  • Karluk
  • Kipchak
    • West Kipchak
    • Kipchak-Nogai
    • North Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak
  • Siberian
  • Mongolic:
    • → Bonan:
      • Qinghai: tasri
    • → Dongxiang: tashi
    • → Eastern Yugur: tash
    • → Kangjia: txashi
    • → Monguor:
      • Mongghul: taashi
      • Mangghuer: tashi

See also
Minerals in Proto-Turkic
Taş
Stone
 stone: *tiāĺ
Demir
Iron
 iron: *temür
Gümüş
Silver
 silver: *kümüĺ
Altın
Gold
 gold: *altun
Çilek
Strawberry
 copper: *bakïr
Tebeşir
Chalk
 chalk or earth: *bōr
Kömür
Coal
 coal: *kömür
Kaya tuzu
Salt
 salt: *tūŕ
Kurşun
Lead
 lead: *korguĺčïn

References
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ta:ş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 557
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*diāĺ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume 2, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 437
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, page 167
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 638
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