< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/em-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)ima-gta (“always, constantly”) and Proto-Tungusic *ime- (“fresh, new”).

Adverb

*em-

  1. now

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ӗнтӗ (ĕnt̬ĕ)
  • Common Turkic: *em-:
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj:
  • Oghuz: امدی (imdi)[1]
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (emdi)
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: endi, şimdi
        • Urum: имди (imdi), эмди (emdi), энди (endi), эндэ (ende), шинди (şindi), шиндик (şindik)
      • Karachay-Balkar: энди (endi), шёндю (şöndü)
      • Karaim: энди (endi), шинди (şindi), шынды (şındı)
      • Kumyk: энди (endi)
      • Krymchak: шинди (şindi)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Karakalpak: енди (endi)
      • Kazakh: енді (endı)
      • Nogai: энди (éndi)
      • Siberian Tatar: инди (indi)
    • East Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰢𐱃𐰃 (amtı)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (amtı)
        • Western Yugur: ам (am)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Dukhan: ам (am)
        • Tofa: ам (am), амды (amdı)
        • Tuvan: ам (am)
      • Yeniseian Turkic:
        • Chulym: эмде (emde)
        • Khakas: ам (am)
        • Shor: амды (amdı)
        • Northern Altai:

Etymology 2

Compared to Proto-Uralic *ime- (“to suck”) and Proto-Mongolic *em-kü- (“to swallow, bite, chew”).

Verb

*em-ig or *em-ček

  1. (transitive) to suck (breast of women or animals)
    Synonym: *sim-

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Oghur:
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: əmmək
      • Ottoman Turkish: اممك (emmek)
        • Turkish: emmek
        • Gagauz: emmää
    • Salar: emgüsi
    • Turkmen: emmek
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: اماك (emmēk)
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (émmek)
        • Uyghur: ئەممەك (emmek)
        • Uzbek: emmoq
  • Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: emmek
      • Karachay-Balkar: эмерге (emerge)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: имеү (imew)
      • Tatar: имәргә (imärgä)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: ему (emu)
        • Nogai: [script needed] (em-)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: эмүү (emüü)
        • Southern Altai: эмер (emer)
  • Siberian
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: эмер (emer)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: эмерге (emerge)
        • Western Yugur: [script needed] (yim-)

References
  1. al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 125
  2. Straughn, Christopher A. (2023) “Sonqori: innị”, in Turkic database at Elegant Lexicon‎
  3. Kuribayashi, Yu (2009) カシュカイ語の基礎語彙 [Basic Qashqai Vocabulary]‎, page 215
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*em-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Straughn, Christopher A. (2023) “now”, in Turkic database at Elegant Lexicon
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*em-ig, *em-ček”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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