< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adïr-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From *ad- (“to seperate”) + *-ïr-, the root is not attested on its own.
Some like Erdal and Nişanyan suggest *ādïl- (“to sober”) and *ādïg (“sober”) are derived from the same root as well[1],[2] however some reconstruct an alternative *ād- (“to sober”) root on the bases of Turkish aymak, however that verb is attested at a very late date and may be a back-formation.
Clauson suggests *üdür- (“to choose; to separate, scatter”) is a variant of this verb, however this is unlikely from a phonological standpoint.
Derived terms
- ⇒ *adïr-uk (“seperate, divided; couch-grass”)
- ⇒ *adïr-ït (“distinction, difference”)
- ⇒ *adïr-ïl- (“to seperate from”)
Related terms
- ⇒ *ad-ïn (“other”)
- ⇒ *ad-ïl (“excellent”)
- ⇒ *ad-uk (“different”)
- ⇒? *ād-ïl- (“to sober”)
- ⇒? *ād-ïg (“sober”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *adïr- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *adïrmak | |||||||
| participle | present | *adïrgan, adïrïgma, adïrur | ||||||
| past | *adïrtuk, adïrmïš | |||||||
| future | *adïrtačï, adïrmakčï, adïrsïk, adïračak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *adïrma, adïrïg, adïrgu | |||||||
| way of doing | *adïrïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *adïrur ben | *adïrur sen | *adïrur | *adïrur biz | *adïrur siz | *adïrur | |
| past | simple | *adïrtïm | *adïrtïŋ | *adïrtï | *adïrtïk, adïrtïmïz | *adïrtïŋïz | *adïrtï | |
| inferential | *adïrmïš ben | *adïrmïš sen | *adïrmïš | *adïrmïš biz | *adïrmïš siz | *adïrmïš | ||
| future | simple | *adïrtačï ben, adïrmakčï ben, adïračak ben | *adïrtačï sen, adïrmakčï sen, adïračak sen | *adïrtačï, adïrmakčï, adïračak | *adïrtačï biz, adïrmakčï biz, adïračak biz | *adïrtačï siz, adïrmakčï siz, adïračak siz | *adïrtačï, adïrmakčï, adïračak | |
| predictive | *adïrgay ben | *adïrgay sen | *adïrgay | *adïrgay biz | *adïrgay siz | *adïrgay | ||
| necessitive | *adïrsïkïm | *adïrsïkïŋ | *adïrsïk | *adïrsïkïmïz | *adïrsïkïŋïz | *adïrsïk | ||
| conditional | *adïrsam, adïrsar ben | *adïrsaŋ, adïrsar sen | *adïrsa, adïrsar | *adïrsak, adïrsamïz, adïrsar biz | *adïrsaŋïz, adïrsar siz | *adïrsalar, adïrsar | ||
| optative | *adïrgay ben | *adïrgay sen | *adïrgay | *adïrgay biz | *adïrgay siz | *adïrgay | ||
| progressive | *adïrmakda ben | *adïrmakda sen | *adïrmakda | *adïrmakda biz | *adïrmakda siz | *adïrmakda | ||
| necessitative | *adïrmalïg ben | *adïrmalïg sen | *adïrmalïg | *adïrmalïg biz | *adïrmalïg siz | *adïrmalïg | ||
| imperative | *adïrayïn | *adïr, adïrgïl | *adïrzun | *adïralïm | *adïrïŋ | *adïrzun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *adïrmamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *adïrmagan, adïrmagma, adïrmaz | ||||||
| past | *adïrmaduk, adïrmamïš | |||||||
| future | *adïrmačï, adïrmasïk, adïrmayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *adïrmama, adïrmag, adïrmagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *adïrmayïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *adïrmaz ben | *adïrmaz sen | *adïrmaz | *adïrmaz biz | *adïrmaz siz | *adïrmaz | |
| past | simple | *adïrmadïm | *adïrmadïŋ | *adïrmadï | *adïrmadïk, adïrmadïmïz | *adïrmadïŋïz | *adïrmadï | |
| inferential | *adïrmamïš ben | *adïrmamïš sen | *adïrmamïš | *adïrmamïš biz | *adïrmamïš siz | *adïrmamïš | ||
| future | simple | *adïrmačï ben, adïrmayačak ben | *adïrmačï sen, adïrmayačak sen | *adïrmačï, adïrmayačak | *adïrmačï biz, adïrmayačak biz | *adïrmačï siz, adïrmayačak siz | *adïrmačï, adïrmayačak | |
| predictive | *adïrmagay ben | *adïrmagay sen | *adïrmagay | *adïrmagay biz | *adïrmagay siz | *adïrmagay | ||
| necessitive | *adïrmasïkïm | *adïrmasïkïŋ | *adïrmasïk | *adïrmasïkïmïz | *adïrmasïkïŋïz | *adïrmasïk | ||
| conditional | *adïrmasam, adïrmasar ben | *adïrmasaŋ, adïrmasar sen | *adïrmasa, adïrmasar | *adïrmasak, adïrmasamïz, adïrmasar biz | *adïrmasaŋïz, adïrmasar siz | *adïrmasalar, adïrmasar | ||
| optative | *adïrmagay ben | *adïrmagay sen | *adïrmagay | *adïrmagay biz | *adïrmagay siz | *adïrmagay | ||
| progressive | *adïrmamakda ben | *adïrmamakda sen | *adïrmamakda | *adïrmamakda biz | *adïrmamakda siz | *adïrmamakda | ||
| necessitative | *adïrmamalïg ben | *adïrmamalïg sen | *adïrmamalïg | *adïrmamalïg biz | *adïrmamalïg siz | *adïrmamalïg | ||
| imperative | *adïrmayayïn | *adïrma, adïrmagïl | *adïrmazun | *adïrmayalïm | *adïrmayïŋ | *adïrmazun | ||
Descendants
References
- Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation, volume II, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 535
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “aymak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 42
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aḏır-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 66
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 114
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ayırmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 6
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*adɨ-r-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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