Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrša

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European:

Derksen: *wr̥ǵ- (see *werǵ-); Therefore from earlier *virzsjā. Morphologically *vьrz- +‎ *-ša.

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *werką (> Old High German werc (“work”)), *wirkijaną (> Old High German wirken (“to manufacture by sowing, stitching or weaving”))

Vasmer: *werǵʰsyeh₂ (see *werǵʰ-) or *vьrxъ +‎ *-ja (< *wr̥s- / *wers-).

Cognate with Lithuanian veržỹs.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian váržas, Latvian var̂za.

Noun

*vь̀rša f

fishing basket, fishing trap made of osiers

Inflection

Declension of *vь̀rša (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vь̀rša	*vь̀rši	*vь̀ršę̇
genitive	*vь̀ršę̇	*vь̀ršu	*vь̀ršь
dative	*vь̀ršī	*vь̀ršama	*vь̀ršāmъ
accusative	*vь̀ršǫ	*vь̀rši	*vь̀ršę̇
instrumental	vь̀ršējǫ, vь̀ršǭ^*	*vь̀ršama	*vь̀ršāmī
locative	*vь̀ršī	*vь̀ršu	*vь̀ršāsъ
vocative	*vь̀rše	*vь̀rši	*vь̀ršę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вьрша (vĭrša), врьша (vrĭša)
  - Belarusian: вярша (vjarša)
  - Russian: ве́рша (vérša)
  - Ukrainian: ве́рша (vérša)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: въ́рша (vǎ́rša)
- Macedonian: врша (vrša)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: вр̑ша
  
  Latin script: vȓša
- Slovene: vŕša (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vršě
  - Czech: vrše
- Old Polish: wiersza, wirsza
  - Polish: wiersza
- Slovak: vrša
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wjerša
  - Lower Sorbian: wjerša

Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: varsa
- → Romanian: vârșă

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 539
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “верша”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “вьрша, врьша”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, врьша column 467

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