< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*wers-[1][2]

  1. to wipe
  2. to drag (on the ground), sweep ~ thresh

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (wipe)‎ (1 c, 0 e)
  • *wers-é-ti (simple thematic present)
    • Proto-Germanic: *werzaną (perhaps “to thresh” > “to mix up”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wr̥s-é-ti ~ *wr̥s-ó-nti (tudati-type thematic present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *vьrťi (“to thresh”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *wors-e/o-
      • Latin: vorrō, verrō (“to sweep clean”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wr̥s-tís
    • Proto-Germanic: *wurstiz
      • >? Proto-West Germanic: *wursti (“sausage”) (or from *wert- (“to turn”)) (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Albanian: *varsa
      • ⇒ Albanian: zvarrë (“being dragged on the ground”, adverb), varrë; xvarrë
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: vârsms (“heap of corn, grain”)
    • Proto-Germanic:
      • Old Norse: vǫrr (“stroke, pull of an oar”)
    • >? Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἐρύω (erúō, “to drag, pull”)
    • >? Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἔρρω (érrhō, “to go slowly, limp”)

Root

*wers-[3][4][5][6]

  1. to rise; to raise, lift[6]
  2. to protrude; to be high (?)
  3. peak, height, top
  4.  ? excrescence of the skin

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *warš- (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (rise)‎ (7 c, 0 e)
  • *wérs-t ~ *wr̥s-ént (root aorist)[6]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: आ वृषस्व (ā́ vr̥ṣásva, “pull yourself together!”)
  • *wr̥s-yé-ti ~ *wr̥s-yó-nti (thematic present with suffix -yé/ó-)[6]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒉿𒅈𒅆𒅀𒊍𒍣 (wa-ar-ši-ya-az-zi /⁠waršiye/azi⁠/, “to lift oneself”)
        • ⇒ [script needed] ([wa-a]r-ši-ya-za), 𒉿𒅈𒅆𒅀𒋻 (wa-ar-ši-ya-tar /⁠warsiyatar⁠/, “reconciliation”)[7]
  • *wérs-mn̥
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wérhmə
      • >? Ancient Greek: ἕρμα (hérma, “heap of stones; reef, rock, cliff, hill; foundation”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáršma
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáršma
        • Sanskrit: वर्ष्मन् (várṣman, “height, top”)
  • *wers-ó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *werros (“high(er)”)
      • Old Irish: ferr (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *we/ors-u-
    • Proto-Italic:
      • Latin: verrūca (“wart; hillock”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wors-ó-s
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *warzaz (“callus”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wérs-to
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠warštta(ri)⁠/)
  • *wr̥s-u-
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wíršus (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 690-691
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ve/orrō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 691
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “verrūca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*warza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
  6. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯arš-tta(ri), u̯aršii̯e/a-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971
  7. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯aršii̯att-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971
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