< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*wert- (imperfective)[1][2]

  1. to turn, to rotate

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-‎ (38 c, 0 e)
  • *wért-ti ~ *wr̥t-énti (athematic root present)
  • *wért-e-tor (thematic middle)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wártatay
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wártatay
        • Sanskrit: वर्तते (vártate, “to turn”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wr̥t-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirtḗˀtei
      • Proto-Slavic: *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wert-ye- (ye-present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: versti
  • *we-wórt-e ~ *we-wr̥t-ḗr (stative)
  • *wort-éye-ti (causative)
  • *wr̥t-ís
    • Proto-Germanic: *wurdiz (“fate”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wert-en-om
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wertena
      • Proto-Slavic: *verteno (see there for further descendants)
  • *wért-mn̥
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *werˀtmin
      • Proto-Slavic: *vermę (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wártma
  • *wr̥t-tós
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirstā́ˀ (from feminine *wr̥t-téh₂)
      • Proto-Slavic: *vьrsta (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *worssos
      • Latin: versus (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Albanian: *writja[3]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: वर्तिन् (vartin)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (wrd-)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • (Baltic:)
      • Proto-Slavic: *vorta (“gate”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *werþaz, *wardaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *wuldrą (“glory”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *wulþuz (“glory”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *wertos
      • Proto-Brythonic: *gwerθ (possibly Germanic borrowing) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “rris”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
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