< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti +‎ *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).

Banaszkiewicz et al.[1] suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).

Szemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).[2]

Noun

*porà f[3]

  1. (perhaps originally) thrust, push, force
  2. (by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload
  3. (abstract) time period, passage of time
    Synonyms: *vermę, *časъ, *rokъ

Declension
Declension of *porà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *porà *pȍrě *pȍry
genitive *porý *porù *pòrъ
dative *porě̀ *poràma *poràmъ
accusative *pȍrǫ *pȍrě *pȍry
instrumental *porojǫ́ *poràma *poràmi
locative *pȍrě *porù *poràsъ, *poràxъ*
vocative *poro *pȍrě *pȍry
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms
  • *porьnъ
    • >? *sъporьnъ (“prolific, productive”) (alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ)
  • *-porъ
    • *naporъ (“push, charge”)
    • *orzporъ (“disruption”)
    • *otъporъ (“resistance”)
    • *perporъ (“motion, propagation”)
    • *sъporъ (“conflict”)
    • *uporъ (“strike”)
    • *zaporъ (“distraint”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)
    • Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пора́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пора¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 527
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pora”, in Słownik etymologiczny languagea polskiego, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN

References
  1. Banaszkiewicz, Jacek (1996) “Pan Rugii - Rugiewit i jego towarzysze z Gardźca: Porewit i Porenut (Saxo Gramatyk, Gesta Danorum XIV, 39,38-41)”, in Kurnatowska, Zofia, editor, Słowiańszczyzna w Europie średniowiecznej, volume 1, Wrocław: WERK, →ISBN, pages 75–82
  2. Szemerényi, Oswald (1967) “Славянская этимология на индоевропейском фоне”, in В. А. Меркулова, transl., Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), number 4, page 22
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “pora pory”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (godt) tidspunkt (PR 138)”
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