< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the same root as *korìti (“to reproach”), with a long root vowel that is (per Derksen) of Proto-Slavic origin.

Verb

*karati impf[1]

  1. to punish
  2. to scold

Inflection
Conjugation of *karati, *kara, *karajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*karanьje *karati *karatъ *karalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *karanъ *karajemъ
Active *karavъ *karaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *karaxъ*kara*kara *karajǫ*karaješi*karajetь
Dual *karaxově*karasta*karaste *karajevě*karajeta*karajete
Plural *karaxomъ*karaste*karašę *karajemъ*karajete*karajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *karaaxъ*karaaše*karaaše —*karaji*karaji
Dual *karaaxově*karaašeta*karaašete *karajivě*karajita—
Plural *karaaxomъ*karaašete*karaaxǫ *karajimъ*karajite—
  • *kara (“punishment”)
  • *korìti (“to reproach”)
  • *korъ (“reproach?”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kárati
    • Kashubian: karac
    • Polish: karać
    • Slovak: kárať (literary)
    • Slovincian: karac
    • Sorbian:

Further reading
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ка́ра”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 377
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кара́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*karati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 221: “v. ‘scold, punish’”
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