Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ati

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *-(é)h₂ti. The present tense inflection is thematic, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.

Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present in which -āre is the infinite) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Celtic *-āti, -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit) and Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring again to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną).

*-ati

1. From imperfective verbs, forming iterative/durative

   Synonym: *-iti

   *byvati ← *byti

   *jьmati ← *ęti (pres. *jьmǫ)

   *vykati ← *vyknǫti

   *badati ← *bosti

   *barati ← *borti

   *xaďati ← *xoditi

   *garati ← *gorěti

2. From perfective verbs, forming imperfective

   *nadymati ← *nadǫti (pres. *nadъmǫ)

   *jьzděvati ← *jьzděti

   *jьzpadati ← *jьzpasti

   *narěkati/*narikati ← *nareťi

   *napajati ← *napojiti

3. From nouns

   Synonyms: *-iti, *-ovati

   *dělati ← *dělo

• When attached to verbs with *-iti or *-ěti causes the vowel in the preceding syllable to lengthen.
  • *tvařati ← *tvoriti
  • *minati ← *mьněti
• In some cases *-iti is used instead of *-ati (*jьzvoditi ← *jьzvesti)
• Sometimes descendants develop twice suffixed forms: *napojavati?, *krajavati

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -ати (-ati)
    • Old Ruthenian: -ати (-ati), -ать (-atʹ)
      • Belarusian: -аць (-acʹ)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: -ати (-aty)
      • Ukrainian: -ати (-aty)
    • Russian: -ать (-atʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: -ати (-ati)
    • Bulgarian: -ам (-am)
    • Macedonian: -а (-a)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -ати

    Latin script: -ati

  • Slovene: -ati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: -ati
    • Czech: -at
  • Old Polish: -ać
    • Polish: -ać
    • Silesian: -ać
  • Pomerian:
    • Kashubian: -ac
    • Slovincian: -ac
  • Old Slovak: -ať
    • Pannonian Rusyn: -ац (-ac)
    • Slovak: -ať

• *-avъ

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*byvati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 157
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьmati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 225
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*navykati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 45
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*badati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 121
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*barati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 158
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xadjati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 10
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*garati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 101
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьzděvati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 25
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьzpadati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 56
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьzvoditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 96
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*napajati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 206
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narěkati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 242
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narikati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 246
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*nadymati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 21
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dělati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 231
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cělovati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 179
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*likati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 103
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krajati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 86
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*napojavati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 221