кара

See also: қара, ҡара, and Appendix:Variations of "kara"

Belarusian

Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic кора (kora, “bark”), from Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kaˈra]

Noun

кара́ • (kará) f inan (genitive кары́, uncountable)

  1. bark (of trees)
  2. crust
Declension
Declension of кара́ (inan sg-only hard fem-form accent-d)
singular
nominative кара́
kará
genitive кары́
karý
dative кары́
karý
accusative кару́
karú
instrumental каро́й, каро́ю
karój, karóju
locative кары́
karý

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkara]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)

  1. penalty, punishment, retribution
Declension
Declension of ка́ра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative ка́ра
kára		 ка́ры
káry
genitive ка́ры
káry		 кар
kar
dative ка́ры
káry		 ка́рам
káram
accusative ка́ру
káru		 ка́ры
káry
instrumental ка́рай, ка́раю
káraj, káraju		 ка́рамі
kárami
locative ка́ры
káry		 ка́рах
kárax
count form — ка́ры1
káry1

1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Dolgan
Dolgan кара
Sakha ‍хара

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara, compare Yakut хара (qara), Turkish kara.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ka.ɾa/

Adjective

кара • (kara)

  1. black

Kyrgyz

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /qara/

Adjective

кара • (kara) (comparative [please provide], superlative [please provide], Arabic spelling قارا)

  1. black

See also
Colors in Kyrgyz · өңдөр (öŋdör), түстөр (tüstör) (layout · text)
     ак (ak)      боз (boz)      кара (kara)
             кызыл (kızıl); кара кочкул (kara kockul)              кызгылт сары (kızgılt sarı); күрөң (küröŋ)              сары (sarı); каймак түстүү (kaymak tüstüü)
             саргыч жашыл (sargıc jaşıl)              жашыл (jaşıl)              жалбыз түстүү (jalbız tüstüü)
             көгүш (kögüş)              көгүлтүр (kögültür),              көк (kök)
             кызгылт көгүш (kızgılt kögüş); кочкул көк (kockul kök)              кочкул кызыл (kockul kızıl); кызгылт көк (kızgılt kök)              кызгылт (kızgılt)

Macedonian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkaɾa]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *karati (“to punish, scold”).

Verb

кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective искара)

  1. (transitive) to scold, reprimand
    Synonyms: прекори (prekori), прекорува (prekoruva)
Usage notes
  • Whereas this word has a general application, it is often associated specifically with children, so using it to speak of adults being scolded, e.g. by their boss, may make it sound as though they were being infantilized. A more appropriate word for adults (and serious situations in general) would be "прекорува".
Conjugation
Conjugation of кара (imperfective, present in -а)
l-participles imperfect aorist non-finite forms
masculine карал — adjectival participle каран
feminine карала — adverbial participle карајќи
neuter карало — verbal noun карање
plural карале — perfect participle карано
present imperfect aorist imperative
1st singular карам карав — —
2nd singular караш караше — карај
3rd singular кара караше — —
1st plural караме каравме — —
2nd plural карате каравте — карајте
3rd plural караат караа — —
Compound tenses
perfect сум карал present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect имам карано present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect бев карал imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect имав карано imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported сум имал карано perfect of има + perfect participle
future ќе карам ќе + present
има-future ќе имам карано future of има + perfect participle
future in the past ќе карав ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past ќе имав карано future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported ќе сум карал ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported ќе сум имал карано future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional би карал би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional би имал карано conditional of има + perfect participle

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective окара)

  1. (transitive, intransitive, dialectal) to swear, curse (profanity)
    Synonym: пцуе (pcue)
Conjugation
Conjugation of кара (imperfective, present in -а)
l-participles imperfect aorist non-finite forms
masculine карал — adjectival participle каран
feminine карала — adverbial participle карајќи
neuter карало — verbal noun карање
plural карале — perfect participle карано
present imperfect aorist imperative
1st singular карам карав — —
2nd singular караш караше — карај
3rd singular кара караше — —
1st plural караме каравме — —
2nd plural карате каравте — карајте
3rd plural караат караа — —
Compound tenses
perfect сум карал present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect имам карано present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect бев карал imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect имав карано imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported сум имал карано perfect of има + perfect participle
future ќе карам ќе + present
има-future ќе имам карано future of има + perfect participle
future in the past ќе карав ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past ќе имав карано future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported ќе сум карал ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported ќе сум имал карано future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional би карал би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional би имал карано conditional of има + perfect participle

Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Karre (“cart, barrow”).

Noun

кара • (kara) f (plural кари)

  1. military cart
Declension
Declension of кара
singular plural
indefinite кара кари
definite unspecified карата карите
definite proximal карава кариве
definite distal карана карине
vocative каро кари

References
  • “кара” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Anagrams

Russian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkarə]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-. Cognate with Old Irish caire (“blame, disapproval”).

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)

  1. penalty, punishment, retribution
Declension
Declension of ка́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative ка́ра
kára		 ка́ры
káry
genitive ка́ры
káry		 ка́р
kár
dative ка́ре
káre		 ка́рам
káram
accusative ка́ру
káru		 ка́ры
káry
instrumental ка́рой, ка́рою
károj, károju		 ка́рами
kárami
prepositional ка́ре
káre		 ка́рах
kárax
Pre-reform declension of ка́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative ка́ра
kára		 ка́ры
káry
genitive ка́ры
káry		 ка́ръ
kár
dative ка́рѣ
kárě		 ка́рамъ
káram
accusative ка́ру
káru		 ка́ры
káry
instrumental ка́рой, ка́рою
károj, károju		 ка́рами
kárami
prepositional ка́рѣ
kárě		 ка́рахъ
kárax

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) m inan

  1. genitive singular of кар (kar)

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).

Noun

кара • (kara)

  1. black

Tatar

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /qɑ.ˈra/

Adjective

кара • (qara)

  1. black (color)

See also
Colors in Tatar · төсләр (töslär) (layout · text)
     ак (aq)      соры (sorı)      кара (qara)
             кызыл (qızıl); кырмызы (qırmızı)              әфлисун (äflisun); көрән (körän)              сары (sarı)
             сары-яшел (sarı-yaşel), лайм (laym)              яшел (yaşel)              куе яшел (quye yaşel)
             яшел-зәңгәр (yaşel-zäñgär), күк (kük), фирәзә (firäzä); зәңгәр-яшел (zäñgär-yaşel)              зәңгәрсу (zäñgärsu)              зәңгәр (zäñgär)
             шәмәхә (şämäxä); миләүшә (miläwşä)              кызыл-шәмәхә (qızıl-şämäxä), гөлчәчәк (gölçäçäk); шәмәхә (şämäxä)              алсу (alsu)

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Turkish kara (“black”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /k̠ɐ.ɾɐ/
  • (Altay) IPA(key): /qɐ.rɐ/

Adjective

кара • (kara)

  1. black

Noun

кара • (kara) (definite accusative караны, plural каралар)

  1. black (colour)

See also
Colors in Tuvan · өңнер (öñner) (layout · text)
     ак (ak)      куу (kuu)      кара (kara)
             кызыл (kızıl); ягаан (yagaan)              кызыл-сарыг (kızıl-sarıg); хүрең (xüreñ)              сарыг (sarıg); ак-сарыг (ak-sarıg)
             сарыг-ногаан (sarıg-nogaan)              ногаан (nogaan)             
                          ак-көк (ak-kök)              көк (kök)
                          өкпең (ökpeñ)              ак-кызыл (ak-kızıl)

Ukrainian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkarɐ]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ри, nominative plural ка́ри, genitive plural кар)

  1. penalty, punishment, retribution
    Synonym: покара́ння n (pokaránnja)
Declension
Declension of ка́ра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative ка́ра
kára		 ка́ри
káry
genitive ка́ри
káry		 кар
kar
dative ка́рі
kári		 ка́рам
káram
accusative ка́ру
káru		 ка́ри
káry
instrumental ка́рою
károju		 ка́рами
káramy
locative ка́рі
kári		 ка́рах
kárax
vocative ка́ро
káro		 ка́ри
káry

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

ка́ра • (kára)

  1. feminine nominative singular of ка́рий (káryj)

References
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