< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”), reanalyzed form of an earlier *dertì.

Verb

*dьràti impf[1][2][3]

  1. to tear, to flay

Conjugation
  • Intensive derivative: *-dirati
Conjugation of *dьrati, *dьra, *deretь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dьranьje *dьrati *dьratъ *dьralъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dьranъ *deromъ
Active *dьravъ *dery
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *dьraxъ*dьra*dьra *derǫ*dereši*deretь
Dual *dьraxově*dьrasta*dьraste *derevě*dereta*derete
Plural *dьraxomъ*dьraste*dьrašę *deremъ*derete*derǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *dьraaxъ*dьraaše*dьraaše —*deri*deri
Dual *dьraaxově*dьraašeta*dьraašete *derěvě*derěta—
Plural *dьraaxomъ*dьraašete*dьraaxǫ *derěmъ*derěte—
  • *dorъ (“tearing, cleansing”)
  • *dьrpàti (“to pluck, to pull”)
  • *dьrtěti (“to ripen, to get old”)
  • *dьrkàti, *dьrčàti (“to jingle, to buzz”)
  • *dьrbàti, *dьrbiti (“to scribe, to draw; to gulp”)
  • *dьrdàti (“to chop, to cut”)
  • *dьrgàti (“to rub, to scrub”)
  • *dьrliti (“to quarrel, to scold”)
  • *dьrmàti (“to shake, to jiggle”)
  • *draskàti (“to scratch”)

Derived terms
  • *dьrtъ (“ragged, torn, old”)
  • *dьrtь (“chunk”)
  • *dьrnъ (“piece, chunk; toft, sod”)
  • *dorkъ (“thorn, scandal”)
  • *dьranь (“tearing, skinning”)
  • *dьravъ (“robust, impetuous”)
  • *dira/*diřa (“trace, trail, crack”)
  • *derьmo (“turd”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: дра́ти (dráti)[4]
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: drát
    • Polabian: derĕ (3sg.)
    • Old Polish: drać
    • Slovak: drať
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: draś

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “драть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 218
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дера”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 343

References
  1. Nikolajev, S. L. (2014) “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 135: “v. ‘tear, flay’”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “dьrati: derǫ deretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 236; PR 139)”
  4. Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014) “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”
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