Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buqaya

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /buqaya/

Noun

*buqaya

crocodile

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *buqáya
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: buwáya, buáya
  - Cagayan Valley
    - Ibanag: buwaya, buaya
    - Isnag: buáya
    - Itawit: hwáya, vuwaya
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Bontoc
        Central Bontoc: buwáya
      - Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: buwāya
        Mayoyao Ifugao: buáya
        Tuwali Ifugao: buwaya
      - Kalinga–Itneg
        Limos Kalinga: buwaya
        Lubuagan Kalinga: buwaya
      - Kankanaey
        Kankanaey: buáya
        Northern Kankanay: bowaya
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Ilongot: buaya
      - Karao: bowaja
      - Keley-I Kallahan: buhayya
      - Pangasinan: buáya
  - Northeastern Luzon
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: buaya
- Central Luzon
  - Sambalic
    - Abenlen Ayta: bo-aya
    - Bolinao: buaya
    - Sambali: boaya
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Bikol
      - Bikol Central: buáya
    - Tagalog: buwáya, buáya, bwáya
    - Visayan
      - Asi
        Asi: buáda
      - Cebu
        Cebuano: buáya
      - Central
        Hiligaynon: buáya
        Masbatenyo: buwáya
        Romblomanon: bu'āya
      - South
        Tausug: buaya
      - West
        Aklanon: buwaya, bowaya
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: bowaya
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: buwaya
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: buáya
  - Danao
    - Maguindanao: buaya
    - Maranao: boaya
  - Manobo
    - Agusan Manobo: bu'aja
    - Ata Manobo: bu-aya
    - Binukid: buaya
    - Obo Manobo: buaya'
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: buaya
  - Palawanic
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: buwaya, buwaya', buaya'
    - Central Palawano: buwaya
    - Tagbanwa: buwaya
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: buaya
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Gorontalo: huayo
    - Mongondow: buaya
- Kalamian
  - Agutaynen: bokaya
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: bukaya
- South Mindanao
  - Koronadal Blaan: bwoya
  - Tboli: bwaya
  - Tiruray: buaya
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: buala
  - Talaud: buala
- Minahasan
  - Tontemboan: wuaya
Basap–Greater Barito
- Sama-Bajaw: *buayə
  - Central Sama: buwaya
  - Mapun: bowe, boe
  - Southern Sama: buwaya
  - West Coast Bajau: boyo
  - Yakan: buwaye, buwae
- Basap: buaya
- East Barito
  - Northeast
    - Benuaq: biyayaʔ
    - Paser: bayo
    - Tawoyan: buah
  - Southeast
    - Dusun Witu: wu'ah
    - Ma'anyan: wu'ah
    - Malagasy: voay
- Mahakam
  - Tunjung: bahayaʔ
- West Barito
  - Northwest
    - Kadorih: bacoʔ
  - Southwest
    - Bakumpai: buaiʔ
    - Kapuas: bəjaiʔ
    - Ngaju: bajai'
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabah
  - Bonggi: biaa
  - Ida'an: boyo
- Southwest Sabah
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: buayo
    - Coastal Kadazan: buazo
    - Momogun
      - Kimaragang: buayo
      - Rungus: buhazo
      - Tobilung: buayo
  - Murutic
    - Burusu: buayo
    - Sabah Bisaya: buwayu
  - Paitanic
    - Abai Sungai: wayoh
    - Tombonuo: wayoh
    - Upper Kinabatangan: buayo
- Proto-North Sarawak:
  - Apo Duat
    - Lun Bawang: buayeh
      - Tabun: baya
    - Kelabit: bayeh
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Berawan
      - Long Jegan: bijəy
      - Long Terawan: bijih
    - Lower Baram
      - Kiput: accih
      - Narom: bayeə̯h
        Dali': base
        
        Miri': bajeh
  - Bintulu: baza
  - Kenyah: *baya(ʔ)
    - Highland A
      - Lepoʼ Gah: baya
      - Lepoʼ Laang: baya
      - Lepoʼ Sawa: baya
    - Highland B
      - Badeng: bayaʔ
      - Lepoʼ Tau: bayaʔ
    - Lowland
      - Lebo' Vo': bayɨ
      - Penan
        Eastern Penan: bayah
        
        Western Penan: bayah
      - Umaʼ Pawe: bayəʔ
- Central Sarawak
  - Melanau–Kajang
    - Melanau
      - Central Melanau: baya
      - Kanowit: baya
    - Kajang
      - Kajaman: baʔaʑah
      - Lahanan: baʑah
      - Sekapan: baʑa
  - Punan–Müller-Schwaner
    - Müller-Schwaner (Punan): *buajo
      - Hovongan: buajo
      - Kereho: buajo
      - Seputan: wajo
    - Punan: *buay
      - Bukat: buay
      - Bukitan: buay
      - Punan Aput: buay
      - Punan Bah-Biau: buay
      - Punan Tubu: boay
      - Ukit: buay
Kayanic: *bəhaya
- Kayan–Murik
  - Kayan
    - Bahau: bayaʔ
    - Busang Kayan: bayaʔ
    - Wahau Kayan: wəjəʔ
  - Murik–Merap
    - Murik (Malaysia): bayaʔ
    - Ngorek: bayaʔ
    - Punan Merap: mayaːʔ
- Segai–Modang
  - Segai:
    - Gaai: wahjoʔ
    - Kelai: wahjɛʔ
  - Modang:
    - Long Gelat: wahəhao̯ʔ
    - Mei Lan: wahjao̯ʔ
    - Woq Helaq: wahjao̯ʔ
Land Dayak: *buʔay(ə)
- Benyadu–Bekatiʼ: *buraw
  - Bekati': buro
  - Benyadu': buro
  - Rara Bakati': boro
- Bidayuh–Rejang
  - Bidayuh
    - Bau Bidayuh: bu'ai
    - Biatah Bidayuh: bu'ai
    - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: bu'ai
  - Rejang: ꤷꥈꥆꥊ (buay)
- Southern Land Dayak
  - Golik: buɔ̰ḭː
  - Jangkang: bui
  - Ribun: bayoːʔ
  - Sanggau: bui
Moklenic
- Moken: kaya
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Dairi Batak: buaya
  - Karo Batak: buaya
  - Mandailing Batak: buaya
  - Toba Batak: buea
- Nias: buaya
- Simeulue: boea, foea
Lampungic: *buha
- Abung: buho
- Komering: buha
- Lampung Api: buha
Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *buhaya
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬩᬸᬯᬬ (buaya)
- Madurese: bhâjâ
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
  - Proto-Chamic: *buya
    - Acehnese: buya
    - Coastal Chamic:
      - Haroi: pəyɨa
      - Cham:
        Eastern Cham: ꨝꨪꨢꨩ (biya)
        Western Cham: ꨝꨢꨩ (baya)
    - Highlands Chamic:
      - Chru–Northern Chamic:
        Chru: bia
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: bia
      - Jarai: bia
      - Rade: mơya
  - Proto-Malayic: *buhaya
    - Ibanic:
      - Iban: baya
      - Mualang: buaya
    - Malayan:
      - Brunei Malay: buaya
      - Malay: buaya
        Indonesian: buaya
        → Min Nan: 末仔, 峇囝 (bôa-iá; bā-kiáⁿ)
      - Minangkabau: buayo
    - Urak Lawoi': บาฮายา (bahaya)
- Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮠᮚ (buhaya)
Old Javanese: buhaya, bwaya, wuhaya
- Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya)
Proto-South Sulawesi: *buaya
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Buginese: buaja
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: buaja
- Northern
  - Duri: buaja
  - Tae': buaya
  - Toraja-Sa'dan: buaya
Celebic
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: wuaja
- Muna–Buton
  - Cia-Cia: bueya
  - Muna: buea
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: buaya
  - Banggai: buea
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Tajio: buaya
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wolio: buea
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *buqaya
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Aru
    - Dobel: kwa-kwasa
  - Central Maluku
    - Buru–Sula–Taliabo
      - Soboyo: foya
    - Piru Bay
      - East Piru Bay
        Kamarian: huay
        
        Paulohi: huay
      - West Piru Bay
        Asilulu: hua
        
        Manipa: huaa
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Fordata: bwea
    - Yamdena: bwaye
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Kodi: woyo, wo
    - Manggarai: waja
      - Kempo: wae
    - Palu'e: waya
    - Rembong: waza
    - Sabu: woe
  - Timoric
    - Ili'uun:
      - Erai: hea
    - Luangic
      - Leti (Indonesia): wuaa
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Buli (Indonesia): piay
    - Sawai: pyay
  - Proto-Oceanic: *puqaya
    - Admiralty Islands:
      - Eastern:
        Manus:
        East Manus:
        Titan: ᵬuay
        Southeast:
        Lou: pua
      - Western:
        Seimat: hua
        Wuvulu-Aua: fuaxa, fuara
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Bugotu–Gela:
        Bughotu: vua
        Gela: vua
        Malaita–Makira:
        Makira:
        Arosi: huasa
        Bauro: huā
        Malaita:
        'Are'are: huara
        Kwaio: fuala
        Lau: fuasa
        Sa'a: huasa
      - Southern Oceanic:
        North Vanuatu:
        Torres–Banks:
        Mota: puasa
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Meso-Melanesian:
        Bali–Vitu:
        Uneapa: bugha
        Northwest Solomonic:
        New Georgia–Ysabel:
        Roviana: vu-vua
        Tungag–Nalik:
        Tigak: uaya
      - North New Guinea:
        Huon Gulf:
        Markham:
        South Watut: fuga
        Numbami: yuwaya
        Ngero–Vitiaz:
        Ngero:
        Gitua: pugaya
        Lusi: puaya
        Amara: a-pua
      - Papuan Tip:
        Central Papuan Tip:
        Sinagoro–Keapara:
        Keapara:
        Aroma: vuatha
        Kalo: vugae, wugae
        West Central Papuan Tip:
        Gabadi: ua
        Motu: huala, uala
        Nuclear West Central Papuan Tip:
        Lala (New Guinea): vuara
        Mekeo: ufala
        Roro: puaea