< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HástH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁.

Noun

*HástH n

  1. bone
Derived terms
  • *HástHakah (“bone; fruit stone”)
    • Ossetian: стӕг (stæg)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (astaa)
    • Khwarezmian: استیک (ʾstyk /⁠*astək⁠/), استک (ʾstk /⁠*astək⁠/)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠əstak⁠/)
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼼𐽂𐼸 (ʾstk)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫐 (ʾstk)
      Syriac script: ܐܣܬܟ (ʾstk)
    • Yagnobi: стаг (stag)
    • Central Kurdish: ئێسک (êsk /⁠ēsk⁠/), ئێستک (êstik /⁠ēstik⁠/)
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫃 (ʾstg)
    • Zazaki: heste (/⁠hasta⁠/, “bone”), estı (/⁠aste⁠/), este (/⁠asta⁠/), iste (/⁠ista⁠/), oste (/⁠osta⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠astag⁠/, “bone; fruit stone”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫃 (ʾstg)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾstk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (OLKTA)
      Pazend script: 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (asta)
      • Classical Persian: استه (asta, “bone; fruit stone”), هسته (hasta, “fruit stone”)
        Dari: هسته (hasta)
        Iranian Persian: هسته (haste)
        Tajik: ҳаста (hasta)
  • *HástHīkah (“bone; fruit stone”)
    • Northern Kurdish: hestî (/⁠hastī⁠/), estî (“astī”)
    • Zazaki: astık (/⁠āstek⁠/, “bone”)
  • *HástHáhuānām (“bone; (Lit) existence power of bones”)
    • Wakhi: (/⁠ustuxōn⁠/) (Perhaps influenced by Classic Persian)
      Arabic script: اؤستؤخون
      Cyrillic script: устухон (ustuxon)
    • Ormuri: ستوغان (stoγān)
    • Baluchi: استہان (ustuhān)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ئێسکان (êskan /⁠ēskān⁠/), ئێسقان (êsqan /⁠ēsqān⁠/)
      Northern Kurdish: hestû (/⁠hastū⁠/)
      Southern Kurdish: سِخان (sixan /⁠sixān⁠/), سِقان (siqan /⁠siqān⁠/)
    • Old Mazanderani: هستکا (hestakā)
    • Gurani: سوخان (suxan /⁠suxān⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠astaxwān ~ astuxān⁠/, “bone”)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsthwʾn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsthʾn')

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (asti)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: هډ (haḍ, “bone, fruit stone”) (Perhaps)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Gilaki: خش (xaš) (*asta > *ašt(a) > *haš)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠ast⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫤 (ʾst)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾst')
      Pazend script: 𐬀𐬯𐬙 (ast)
      • Classical Persian: است (ast)
        Dari: است (ast)
        Iranian Persian: است (ast)
        Tajik: аст (ast)
      • Lurish:
        Bakhtiari: خٱس (xas)
        Southern Luri: هٱس (has)
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