< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéyh₁ō
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Disputed;[1][2] possibly from *weh₁y- (“to twist; to wrap”) + *-ō,[3][4][5][6] compare Ancient Greek ὑιήν (huiḗn, “grapevine”), from *wih₁-ḗn,[5] and Latin vītis (“vine”), from *wéh₁itis, or perhaps borrowed from either Proto-West Semitic *wayn- or Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwino-, if those terms are not instead borrowings of the Proto-Indo-European.[2][7][8][9] Possibly all ultimately borrowed from an unattested Mediterranean substrate language.[10][11]
Inflection
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wéyh₁ō | ||
| genitive | *wih₁nés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wéyh₁ō | *wéyh₁onh₁(e) | *wéyh₁ones |
| vocative | *wéyh₁on | *wéyh₁onh₁(e) | *wéyh₁ones |
| accusative | *wéyh₁onm̥ | *wéyh₁onh₁(e) | *wéyh₁onm̥s |
| genitive | *wih₁nés | *? | *wih₁nóHom |
| ablative | *wih₁nés | *? | *wih₁n̥mós |
| dative | *wih₁néy | *? | *wih₁n̥mós |
| locative | *wih₁én, *wih₁éni | *? | *wih₁n̥sú |
| instrumental | *wih₁néh₁ | *? | *wih₁n̥mís |
Derived terms
- *wéyh₁n-o-m[8]
- *wóyh₁n-eh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *wóinā
- Ancient Greek: οἴνη (oínē, “vine”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *wóinā
- *wóyh₁n-o-s[5][8][3]
- *wih₁-on-[13][4][8]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒃾𒅖 (GEŠTIN-iš /wiyanis/, “wine”)
- Luwian:
- Cuneiform script: [script needed] (winiya-)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *wih₁n-yó-s[8]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒌑𒄿𒉌𒅀𒀭𒋫𒀭 (ú-i-ni-ya-an-ta-an /*winiyantan/, “wine (deified)”, accusative)
- Luwian:
- Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Term?] (/wiyan(i)-/), [Term?] (/win(i)-/, “of wine”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- →? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwino- (possibly via Armenian) (see there for further descendants)
- →? Proto-West Semitic: *wayn- (see there for further descendants)
- →? Aghwan: 𐕔𐔼 (fi)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 36
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 38
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “οἶνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1058-1059
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vīnum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 680
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 166-167
- Schrader, Otto (1912) Die Anschauungen V. Hehns von der Herkunft unserer Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere im Lichte neuerer Forschung (in German), Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, page 29
- Nichols, J. (1997) “The epicentre of the Indo-European linguistic spread”, in Blench, R., M. Spriggs, editors, Archaeology and Language I: Theoretical and Methodological Orientations, London: Routledge, page 126
- Fenwick, Rhona S. H. (2017) “An Indo-European origin of Kartvelian names for two maloid fruits”, in Asatrian, Garnik S., editors, Iran and the Caucasus, volume 21, number 3, Brill, , page 2
- Климов, Г. А. (1994) Древнейшие индоевропеизмы картвельских языков [The Oldest Indo-Europeanisms in Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nasledie, →ISBN, pages 79-82
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 53
- Lindner, Thomas (2017–2018) “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Italic, page 832
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (1987) “On Indo-European ‘wine’”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, pages 21-26
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯ii̯an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017) “Part 9: Armenian”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 422
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “gini”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 214–215
- Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
- Demiraj, B. (1997) “vër/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 414
Further reading
- Gorton, Luke (2017) “Revisiting Indo-European ‘Wine’”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 45, numbers 1–2, pages 1–26
- Lipp, Reiner (2019) “The Word for Wine in Anatolian, Greek, Armenian, Italic, Etruscan, Semitic and Its Indo-European Origin”, in Ronald I. Kim, Jana Mynářová, and Peter Pavúk, editors, Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years, Leiden and Boston: Brill, , pages 195–229
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