< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tep-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*tep-[1]

  1. to be warm, be hot

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tep-‎ (27 c, 0 e)
  • *tép-e-ti (thematic root present)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tápati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tápati
      • Proto-Iranian: *tápati (“to warm up, heat”)[2]
        • Bactrian: ταβ- (tab-, “to impress (a seal); to seal”)
        • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (t’BY-, “to heat”)
        • Khotanese: ttavāre
        • Middle Persian:
          Book Pahlavi: tʾp̄tn' (tāftan), tʾb (tāb-, “to heat, burn (up); to shine”, present stem); tʾp̄k' (tābag) (see there for further descendants)
        • Parthian:
          Manichaean: tʾb- (tāb-, “to shine; to heat”)
        • Lurish:
          Northern Luri: تاۆ (tāow)
          • Silakhori: تۋ (tü)
          Bakhtiari: تںۆ (taow)
          Southern Luri: تںۆ (taow)
  • *tep-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)[1][3]
    • (perhaps) Proto-Albanian: *tpē-(h) (analogically reformed after original inchoatives)[4]
      • Albanian: ftoh (by metathesis)
    • Proto-Italic: *tepēō[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *tep-eh₂-yé-ti (denominative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *þebōną (see there for further descendants)
  • *tep-sḱé-ti (inchoative)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tapsćáti
      • Proto-Iranian: *tafšáti
        • Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬝 (tafsat̰)
        • Khotanese: ttaus-
        • Ossetian:
          Digor: тӕфсун (tæfsun)
          Iron: тӕфсы́н (tæfsýn)
        • Persian: تفسیدن (tafsidan)
  • *tḗp-s-t (s-aorist)[1]
  • *top-éye-ti (causative)[1][5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tapīˀtei
      • Proto-Slavic: *topìti[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tāpáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tāpáyati
      • Proto-Iranian: *tāpáyati[6]
        • Avestan: 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieiti)[7]
        • Ossetian:
          Ossetian: тавун (tavun)
          Ossetian: та́вын (távyn)
  • *tep-e-nt-s (root present participle)[8]
    • Proto-Celtic: *teɸents
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tapanti (possibly)
      • Proto-Iranian: *tapantī- f (“warming”)[6]
        • Proto-Scythian: *tavitī-
  • *tep-los
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *teplas
  • *tep-net-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *teɸnets (see there for further descendants)
  • *tép-os ~ *tép-es-os[3]
  • *tép-s-tu-s[8]
    • Proto-Celtic: *texstus
      • (perhaps) Continental:
        • Gaulish:
          • → Latin: Tessi-gnius
        • Lepontic: 𐌀𐌑𐌄𐌑- (aśeś-)
      • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Old Breton: a tes
        • Old Cornish: tes
        • Middle Welsh: tes
      • Old Irish: tess
        • Irish: teas
        • Manx: çhiass
        • Scottish Gaelic: teas
  • *tep-tós (past participle)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taptás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taptás
      • Proto-Iranian: *taftáh[6]
        • Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬟𐬙𐬀 (tafta)
        • Bactrian: ταβδο (tabdo), ταβαδο (tabado)
        • Khotanese: ttauda-
        • Ossetian:
          Ossetian: тӕвдӕ (tævdæ)
          Ossetian: тӕвд (tævd)
        • Parthian:
          Parthian: tft (taft)
        • Pashto: تود (tod), توده f (tavdá)
        • Persian: تفت (taft)
        • Sogdian:
          Christian: ܬܒܬܐܟ (tβtʾk)
        • → Old Armenian: տաւթ (tawtʻ)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • (perhaps) Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: tāpce (“hot”)
    • >? Proto-Celtic:
      • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Welsh: tampr (“taper; torch”)
      • Irish: tapar (“taper, candle”)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 629-630
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 378–379
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tepeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 614
  4. Demiraj, B. (1997) “ftoh”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 173
  5. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 496
  6. Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 236–237, 283
  7. Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900) A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language‎, Bombay: Education society's steam press, page 220
  8. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
  9. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*teplъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 490
  10. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 477

Further reading
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