Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷey-[1]

to pay
to avenge

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-‎ (12 c, 0 e)

*kʷéy-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáyati
    - Sanskrit: चयते (cáyate, “to take revenge on”)
- Proto-Slavic: *kàjati
*kʷi-néw-ti ~ *kʷi-nw-énti (néw-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷínō
  - Ancient Greek: τίνω (tínō), τί̄νω (tí̄nō)
*kʷoy-néh₂
*kʷey-no-s
- Proto-Slavic: *činъ (see there for further descendants)
*kʷéy-ti-s ~ *kʷi-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷítis
  - Ancient Greek: τίσις (tísis)

Root

*kʷey-[2][3][4]

to perceive, notice
to fear, revere

Reconstruction notes

Some sources reconstruct this root with a laryngeal *kʷeh₁y-.[5]

Extensions

Derived terms

*kʷé(h₁)y-e-ti (e-grade thematic root present)
- Proto-Slavic: *čàjati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáHyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáHyati
    - Sanskrit: चायति (cāyati)[7]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τίω (tíō, “to esteem, to respect”)
*kʷ(h₁)i-néw-ti (néw-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čináwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćináwti
    - Sanskrit: चिनोति (cinoti, “it observes”)[8]
  - Proto-Iranian: *čináwtī
    - Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙- (cinuuaṇt-, present active participle)
*kʷe-kʷó(h₁)y-e ~ *kʷe-kʷ(h₁)y-ḗr (stative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čikā́ya
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćikā́ya
    - Sanskrit: चिकाय (cikāya)
*kʷih₁-meh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τῑμή (tīmḗ)
*kʷé(h₁)y-ti-s ~ *kʷ(h₁)i-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čítis
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćítis
    - Sanskrit: चिति (citi, “understanding”), अपचिति (ápa-citi, “reverence”)

Root

*kʷey-[9][10]

to gather, layer

Derived terms

*kʷey-t (root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háčayt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háčayt
    - Vedic Sanskrit: अचेत् (acet)
*kʷi-néw-ti (néw-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čináwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *čináwti
    - Sanskrit: चिनोति (cinoti, “it gathers”)[11] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *činǫti, *činìti (see there for further descendants)
*kʷoywós
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoiwós, *kʷoiwéyō
  - Ancient Greek: ποιϝέω (poiwéō, Doric), ποιέω (poiéō)
*kʷóyos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́yas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́yas
    - Sanskrit: काय (kāya)
*kʷéy-ti-s ~ *kʷi-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čítis
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćítis
    - Sanskrit: चिति (citi, “a layer”)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čàjati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 78: “v. (a)”
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), chapter 377, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198
Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kʷeyt-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 382-383
Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 393.
Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394.
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), chapter 378, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 418
Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394.

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[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čàjati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 78: “v. (a)”

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), chapter 377, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[4] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198

[5] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 198

[LIV-6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kʷeyt-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 382-383

[7] Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 393.

[8] Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394.

[9] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), chapter 378, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[10] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 418

[11] Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394.