< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂erǵ-[1][2]

  1. white, argent
  2. glittering

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erǵ-‎ (16 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂r̥ǵ-ént-s ~ *h₂r̥ǵ-n̥t-és
  • *h₂érǵ-os ~ *h₂érǵ-es-os
    • Proto-Hellenic: *árgos
    • *h₂(e)rǵ-ḗs
      • Proto-Hellenic: *-argḗs
        • Ancient Greek: ἐναργής (enargḗs), ἐν-αργής (en-argḗs)
  • *h₂érǵ-i-s ~ *h₂r̥ǵ-éy-s[4]
    • Proto-Anatolian: *Hárǵis
      • Hittite: 𒄯𒆠𒅖 (ḫarkiš), 𒄯𒅗𒅖 (ḫarkaiš, “white, bright”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥ȷ́i-
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥ȷ́i-
        • Sanskrit: ऋजिश्वन् (ṛji-śvan)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *argi-
      • Ancient Greek: ἀργί-πους (argí-pous)
    • (possibly) *h₂r̥ǵipyós
  • *h₂érǵ-ro-m[3]
    • Proto-Germanic: *arkrą, *akrą (“type of metal”)[3]
      • Proto-West Germanic: *arkr, *akr
        • Old Dutch: *akar
          • Middle Dutch: *acker
            • Dutch: aecker (archaic)
      • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *arkanaz (“genuine, pure”) (or more likely *erknaz, from *h₁erg- ~ *h₁erǵ-)
  • *h₂r̥ǵ-ró-s[3]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἀργός (argós, “white, bright”) (earlier *ἀργρός (*argrós)[4])
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥ȷ́rás (“red, reddish”)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥ȷ́rás
  • *h₂érǵ-u-s
    • Proto-Italic: *argus
      • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *arguō (denominative)
        • Latin: arguō (“to make clear”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂érǵ-u-nom or *h₂érǵ-wr̥ ~ h₂r̥ǵ-wén-s[5]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hárȷ́unam (“silver, white”)
    • *h₂érǵ-u-ros or *h₂érǵ-wr̥ ~ h₂r̥ǵ-wén-s
    • *h₂érǵ-w-i-s
      • Proto-Tocharian: *ārkwi (“white”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂r̥ǵ-yó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *argyos (“white”)[7] (reconstruction uncertain)
      • >? Proto-Brythonic: *ėrɣ (“snow”) (see there for further descendants)
      • >? Gaulish: *argios
        • ⇒ Gaulish: *Argiotalos?
          • → Latin: Argiotalus (given name)
  • *h₂érǵ-nōw ~ *h₂r̥ǵ-nw-ós[4]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [script needed] (ḫargnau-, “palm (of hand), sole (of foot)”)
  • *h₂r̥ǵ-ḗt-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *argḗts
Unsorted formations

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂erg̑-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 317-322
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “akra- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18: “h₂reǵ-ro-”
  4. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  5. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41
  6. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ārkwi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 53
  7. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*argyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 41–42
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