< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent, glittering”). Probably entered the vocabulary with the meaning 'white metal, (probably) silver' around 3,500 BC.[1]

Noun

*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm n[2][3]

  1. silver

Inflection
Thematic
singular
nominative *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm
genitive *h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo
singular dual plural
nominative *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂
vocative *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂
accusative *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂
genitive *h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo *? *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóHom
ablative *h₂r̥ǵn̥téad *? *h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos
dative *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóey *? *h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos
locative *h₂r̥ǵn̥téy, *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy *? *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóysu
instrumental *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóh₁ *? *h₂r̥ǵn̥tṓys

Descendants
  • Proto-Armenian: *arcant-[4]
  • Proto-Celtic: *argantom (< *h₂erǵn̥t-ó-m[3]) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥ȷ́atám[5]
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hraȷ́atám (< *h₂reǵn̥t-ó-m[2])
      • Sanskrit: रजत (rajatá) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥jatám
      • Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ərəzata)
      • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎫 (a-r-d-t /⁠ardata⁠/)
        • Persian: آلی (âli, “silver”) (Yazidi, rd> l , ta>∅) [6]
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠arzīz⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫉 (ʾrzyz)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlcyc)
      • Proto-Scythian: arzatam (Saqqez inscription)
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (āljsata-)
        • Ossetian: ӕрзӕ́т (ærzǽt)
  • Proto-Italic: *argentom[7] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Mallory, James P. (1984) “Proto-Indo-European Silver”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎, volume 1, number 97, Göttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, retrieved 2018 May 7, pages 1–12
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “akra- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18: “h₂reǵ-nt-o-”
  3. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”
  4. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 138–139
  5. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 231
  6. , Kent, Ronald G; Old Persian, Grammer, Text, Lexicon; Univerity of pennysilvania; 1950 p:171.
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “argentum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53: “*argento-”
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