< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰésōr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions
  • *ǵʰésr̥ ~ *ǵʰs-r-és[1][2]
  • *ǵʰs-ḗr ~ *ǵʰs-r-és[3]

Etymology

From *ǵʰes- +‎ *-ōr.

Noun

*ǵʰésōr f[4][3]

  1. hand

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *ǵʰésōr
genitive *ǵʰsrés
singular dual plural
nominative *ǵʰésōr *ǵʰésorh₁(e) *ǵʰésores
vocative *ǵʰésor *ǵʰésorh₁(e) *ǵʰésores
accusative *ǵʰésorm̥ *ǵʰésorh₁(e) *ǵʰésorm̥s
genitive *ǵʰsrés *? *ǵʰsróHom
ablative *ǵʰsrés *? *ǵʰsr̥mós
dative *ǵʰsréy *? *ǵʰsr̥mós
locative *ǵʰsér, *ǵʰséri *? *ǵʰsr̥sú
instrumental *ǵʰsréh₁ *? *ǵʰsr̥mís

Derived terms
  • *ǵʰsr-ó-
    • *ǵʰr̥s-ó-s (with metathesis)
      • >? Proto-Celtic: *garros (“(calf of the) leg, shank”) (earlier “limb”?)[5] (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *dāsrā (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Anatolian: *ǵésōr ~ *ǵsrós (see there for further descendants)
  • Armenian:
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéhər
    • Ancient Greek:
      Aeolic Greek: χέρρ (khérrh, acc.sg.)
      Doric Greek: χέρς (khérs), χήρ (khḗr)
      Ionic Greek: χείρ (kheír)
    • *kʰéhrnikʷs (< + *neygʷ- (“to wash”))
      • Ancient Greek: χέρνιψ (khérnips, “water for washing the hands”)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀐𐀛𐀣 (ke-ni-qa /⁠kʰéhrnigʷa⁠/, acc.sg.) (= χέρνιβα (khérniba))
  • Proto-Italic: *hezor
  • Proto-Tocharian: *ṣar[3]

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1620-1621
  2. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
  4. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*garrV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152
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