Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neygʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*neygʷ-[1][2][3]

to wash

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *neygʷ-‎ (4 c, 0 e)

*ni-néygʷ-ti ~ *ni-nigʷ-énti (reduplicated present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nináykti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nináykti
    - Sanskrit: निनिक्त (niniktá, 2p.imperf.)
*nigʷ-yé-ti (*ye-present)[4][5]
- Proto-Celtic: *nigyeti
  - Middle Irish: nigid
    - Irish: nigh
    - Manx: niee
    - Scottish Gaelic: nigh
- Proto-Hellenic: *niďďō (see there for further descendants)
*ne-nóygʷ-e ~ *ne-nigʷ-ḗr (perfect)
- Celtic:
  - ⇒ Old Irish: fo·nenaig
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νένιπται (néniptai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nináyǰa, *niniǰáy
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nináyȷ́a, *niniȷ́áy
    - Sanskrit: निनेज (ninéja), निनिजे (ninijé)
*néy-noygʷ-ti ~ *néy-nigʷ-ti (secondary intensive)[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náynaykti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *náynaykti
    - Sanskrit: नेनेक्ति (nénekti), नेनिक्ते (nenikté)
  - Proto-Iranian: *náynayxti
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (naēnižaⁱti)
*nigʷ-ō-s ~ *nigʷ-es-es[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *nikwaz
  - Old English: nicor
    - Middle English: niker, nycker
      - English: nicker, nickel
  - Old Dutch:
    - Middle Dutch: nicker
      - Dutch: nikker
  - Old High German: nihhus, nichus
    - Middle High German: niches, nickes
      - German: Nix
  - Old Norse: nykr
    - Faroese: nykur
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: nykk
    - Swedish: Näcken
  - ⇒ Germanic: *nikwasjō
    - Old High German: nickessa
      - Middle High German: nixe
        German: Nixe
        → Dutch: nix
*néygʷ-tis ~ *nigʷ-téy-s
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νίψις (nípsis)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: निर्णिक्ति (nirṇikti)
*nigʷ-tḗr ~ *nigʷ-trés, *néygʷ-tōr ~ *nigʷ-trés
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νῐπτήρ (niptḗr)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nayktā́
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nayktā́
    - Sanskrit: पादावनेक्तृ (pādāvanektṛ)
*nigʷ-tó-s[4][5]
- Proto-Celtic: *nixtos
  - Old Irish: necht
- Proto-Hellenic: *ənikʷtos (*n̥-nigʷ-tó-s)
  - Ancient Greek: ἄνιπτος (ániptos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *niktás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *niktás
    - Sanskrit: निक्त (niktá)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *něgati (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “neig^u̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 761
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*nei̯g^u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 450
Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*nei̯g^u̯-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 519-520
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*nig-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νίζω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1020-1021
Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*naiǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 279-280
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nikwas/za-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 390-391

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “neig^u̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 761

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*nei̯g^u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 450

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*nei̯g^u̯-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 519-520

[M-4] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*nig-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292

[Beekes-5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νίζω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1020-1021

[6] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*naiǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 279-280

[7] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nikwas/za-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 390-391