< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grimmaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gʰrémne- or *gʰrénme-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to be angry”), likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, growl, murmur”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *grimmaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *grimmō | *grimmaų | — | *grimmai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *grimmizi | *grimmaiz | *grimm | *grimmazai | *grimmaizau |
| 3rd singular | *grimmidi | *grimmai | *grimmadau | *grimmadai | *grimmaidau |
| 1st dual | *grimmōz | *grimmaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *grimmadiz | *grimmaidiz | *grimmadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *grimmamaz | *grimmaim | — | *grimmandai | *grimmaindau |
| 2nd plural | *grimmid | *grimmaid | *grimmid | *grimmandai | *grimmaindau |
| 3rd plural | *grimmandi | *grimmain | *grimmandau | *grimmandai | *grimmaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gramm | *grummį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *grammt | *grummīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gramm | *grummī | |||
| 1st dual | *grummū | *grummīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *grummudiz | *grummīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *grummum | *grummīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *grummud | *grummīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *grummun | *grummīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *grimmandz | *grummanaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒremmjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 141
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