< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gramjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gramjō | *gramjaų | — | *gramjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gramisi | *gramjais | *grami | *gramjasai | *gramjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *gramiþi | *gramjai | *gramjaþau | *gramjaþai | *gramjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *gramjōs | *gramjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gramjaþiz | *gramjaiþiz | *gramjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gramjamaz | *gramjaim | — | *gramjanþai | *gramjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *gramiþ | *gramjaiþ | *gramiþ | *gramjanþai | *gramjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *gramjanþi | *gramjain | *gramjanþau | *gramjanþai | *gramjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gramidǭ | *gramidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gramidēz | *gramidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gramidē | *gramidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gramidēdū | *gramidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gramidēdudiz | *gramidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gramidēdum | *gramidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gramidēdud | *gramidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gramidēdun | *gramidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gramjandz | *gramidaz | |||
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gramjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒramjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
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