< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bringaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Probably from a Pre-Germanic *bʰrenḱ-, a compound root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry”) + *h₁n(e)ḱ- (“to bring”) or *h₂n(e)ḱ- (“to reach, attain”).[1] The past tense stem came from *bʰronḱ-, o-grade of *bʰrenḱ- (mixed weak (dental) and strong (ablauted) past tense forms are very unusual in Proto-Germanic, and this is the only known case). Compare Proto-Brythonic *hembrüngɨd (“to accompany”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *bringaną (weak suffixless)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bringō | *bringaų | — | *bringai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *bringizi | *bringaiz | *bring | *bringazai | *bringaizau |
| 3rd singular | *bringidi | *bringai | *bringadau | *bringadai | *bringaidau |
| 1st dual | *bringōz | *bringaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bringadiz | *bringaidiz | *bringadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bringamaz | *bringaim | — | *bringandai | *bringaindau |
| 2nd plural | *bringid | *bringaid | *bringid | *bringandai | *bringaindau |
| 3rd plural | *bringandi | *bringain | *bringandau | *bringandai | *bringaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *branhtǭ | *branhtēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *branhtēz | *branhtēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *branhtē | *branhtēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *branhtēdū | *branhtēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *branhtēdudiz | *branhtēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *branhtēdum | *branhtēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *branhtēdud | *branhtēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *branhtēdun | *branhtēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bringandz | *branhtaz | |||
Derived terms
- *brangijaną
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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