< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōkō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”) and Latin fāgus (“beech”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbɔː.kɔː/

Noun

*bōkō f

  1. beech

Inflection
ō-stemDeclension of *bōkō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *bōkō *bōkôz
vocative *bōkō *bōkôz
accusative *bōkǭ *bōkōz
genitive *bōkōz *bōkǫ̂
dative *bōkōi *bōkōmaz
instrumental *bōkō *bōkōmiz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *bōku
    • Old English: bōc
      • Middle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke
        • English: book (see there for further descendants)
        • Geordie English: buik, beuk
        • Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck
        • Yola: buke
    • Old Frisian: bōk
      • West Frisian: boeck, boek
    • Old Saxon: bōka
    • Old Dutch: *buoka (in placenames)
      • Middle Dutch: boec
        • Dutch: boek (only in compounds and placenames, displaced by eastern beuk)
    • Old High German: buohha, *buohhia, buocha
      • Middle High German: buoche (possibly conflated with descendant from *bōkō)
  • Old Norse: bók
  • Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 (bōka)
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