-m
See also: Appendix:Variations of "m"
Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-m/, [-m]
Suffix
-m
Usage notes
- When added to a noun, the suffix is added to a genitive:
- áwka (“boy”) + -m → awkím (“the boy's thing”)
Derived terms
Afar terms suffixed with -m
References
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 236
Estonian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-mpi, cognate to Finnish -mpi.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *-ma, cognate to Finnish -ma.
Suffix
-m
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -m
Hungarian
Etymology 1
Possibly from Proto-Uralic *mᴕ̈ (“I”); see also én (“I”). Cognate with Northern Mansi -м (-m, “my”).
Suffix
-m
- (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)
- (personal suffix) First-person singular personal suffix:
- Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
- Indefinite forms of -ik verbs.
- Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for me to do something”).
- Declined and postpositional forms of the first-person personal pronoun én (“I”).
Usage notes
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Etymology 2
It can be traced back to the Proto-Uralic *-m.[1]
Suffix
-m
See also
- Category:Hungarian noun forms
- Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
References
- -m in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ilocano
See also
Ilocano personal pronouns
Person | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko, -k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak, kuak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
dual | data, sita1 | -ta | kaniata, kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural inclusive | datayo, sitayo1 | -tayo, -tay | kaniatayo, kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural exclusive | dakami, sikami1 | -kami, -kam | -mi | kaniami, kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo, -m | kaniam, kenka | bagim | kukuam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | dakayo, sikayo1 | -kayo, -kay | -yo | kaniayo, kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Third | singular | isu, isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana, kenkuana | bagina | kukuana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | isuda | -da | kaniada, kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fused enclitics
|
Marshallese
References
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *-mus.[1]
Suffix
-m m
- Forms verbal nouns of A III (hiatus) verbs
Inflection
Masculine u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | -m | -mL | -mae |
Vocative | -m | -mL | -mu |
Accusative | -mN | -mL | -mu |
Genitive | -moH, -maH | -mo, -ma | -maeN |
Dative | -mL | -maib | -maib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
References
- Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 108-111
Phalura
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-m/
Suffix
-m
- Plural suffix (with m-declension nouns)
Polish
Alternative forms
- -em (after a consonant)
Etymology
From earlier -śm, a contraction of Old Polish jeśm, from Proto-Slavic *esmь.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /m/
- Syllabification: m
Further reading
- -m in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Quechua
Suffix
-m
- Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
- Ñuqa runasimitam rimani. Qusqumantam kani.
- I speak Quechua. I am from Cusco.
- Allqukunaqa chawa aychatam mikhunku.
- Dogs eat raw meat.
- Ñuqa runasimitam rimani. Qusqumantam kani.
- Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq
Turkish
Suffix
-m
- First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a vowel.
- kedi - kedim
- cat - my cat
- kedi - kedim
Uzbek
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