-алка

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

  • -ялка (-jalka) when appended to roots ending in a vowel

Etymology 1

Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) are attested, e.g.:

духам (duham, to blow)духало (duhalo, blower)духалка (duhalka, fan, ventilator).

Suffix

-алка • (-alka) f

  1. Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns.
    бухам (buham, to bat, to swat)бухалка (buhalka, bat, paddle)
    закачам (zakačam, to hang over, to hook)закачалка (zakačalka, hanger, peg)
    пръскам (prǎskam, to sparkle, to spray)пръскалка (prǎskalka, sprayer)
    тупам (tupam, to beat, to stomp)тупалка (tupalka, beater)
    гриза (griza, to bite, to fret) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, pacifier; small snack)
    снова (snova, to shunt) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, shuttle)
    ближа (bliža, to lick) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, lollipop)
    пиша (piša, to write) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, pen)
  2. Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb.
    пърз (pǎrz, slip)*пързам (*pǎrzam)пързалка (pǎrzalka, pen)
    ключ (ključ, key)ключая (ključaja, to clink) (obsolete)ключалка (ključalka, latch, keyhole)

Etymology 2

Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).

Suffix

-алка • (-alka) f

  1. Alternative form of -елка (-elka)
    бръмча (brǎmča, to buzz) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, buzzer)
    запуша (zapuša, to tap, to clog) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, plug)

Etymology 3

Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).

Suffix

-алка • (-alka) f

  1. Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns.
    вързал (vǎrzal, knot)вързалка (vǎrzalka, node, tie; elaborate scheme)
    търкал (tǎrkal, roll, nudge)търкалка (tǎrkalka, rolling, tumbling)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈaɫka]

Suffix

-алка • (-alka) f

  1. Suffix appended to verbs, forms feminine nouns, most often tools related to an action.
    вее (vee) + -алка (-alka)веалка f (vealka)
    грее (gree) + -алка (-alka)греалка f (grealka)
    дига (diga) + -алка (-alka)дигалка f (digalka)
    меша (meša) + -алка (-alka)мешалка f (mešalka)
    сука (suka) + -алка (-alka)сукалка f (sukalka)
    цеди (cedi) + -алка (-alka)цедалка f (cedalka)

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -алка
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