녹다
Korean
FWOTD – 28 January 2015
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 녹다〮 (Yale: nwòk-tá). Derived from a root meaning "soft, tender, relaxed, slow". Compare 느긋하다 (neugeuthada), 나른하다 (nareunhada), 느슨하다 (neuseunhada). Ablaut form: 눅다 (nukda)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [no̞k̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [녹따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nokda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nogda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nokta |
| Yale Romanization? | nokta |
Verb
| Base | 녹다 (nokda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 녹이다 (nogida) |
녹다 • (nokda) (infinitive 녹아, sequential 녹으니) (intransitive)
- (of snow or ice) to melt into water
- 2014, 눈 그치고 맑은 하늘…빙판길 조심 [nun geuchigo malgeun haneul…bingpan'gil josim]:
- 다만 얼어붙은 눈이 낮 동안 녹으면서 길이 미끄러울 수 있으니까요, 다니실 때는 조심해서 다니셔야겠습니다.
- Daman eoreobuteun nun-i nat dong'an nogeumyeonseo gir-i mikkeureoul su isseunikkayo, danisil ttae-neun josimhaeseo danisyeoyagetseumnida.
- However, roads may be slippery while the frozen snow melts during the day, and please take extra care on the roads.
- (of a solid) to melt into a liquid
- to dissolve
- Synonym: 풀리다 (pullida)
- to warm up, to get warm
- to be captivated, to be infatuated with
- to have bitter experiences, to have a bad time
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 녹다 (nokda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 녹는다 nongneunda |
녹아 noga |
녹아요 nogayo |
녹습니다 nokseumnida |
| Past | 녹았다 nogatda |
녹았어 nogasseo |
녹았어요 nogasseoyo |
녹았습니다 nogatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 녹느냐 nongneunya |
녹아 noga |
녹아요 nogayo |
녹습니까 nokseumnikka |
| Past | 녹았느냐 noganneunya |
녹았어 nogasseo |
녹았어요 nogasseoyo |
녹았습니까 nogatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 녹자 nokja | 녹아 noga | 녹아요 nogayo | 녹으십시다 nogeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 녹아라 nogara | 녹아 noga | 녹아요 nogayo | 녹읍시오 nogeupsio | |
| Assertive | 녹겠다 nokgetda | 녹겠어 nokgesseo | 녹겠어요 nokgesseoyo | 녹겠습니다 nokgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 녹아 noga | 녹아서 nogaseo | 녹으니 nogeuni | 녹으니까 nogeunikka | |
| Contrast | 녹지만 nokjiman | 녹는데 nongneunde | 녹더니 nokdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 녹고 nokgo | ||||
| Condition | 녹으면 nogeumyeon | 녹아야 nogaya | |||
| Motive | 녹으려고 nogeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 녹음 nogeum | 녹기 nokgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 녹았음 nogasseum | 녹았기 nogatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 녹은 nogeun | |||
| Present | 녹는 nongneun | ||||
| Future | 녹을 nogeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 녹으신다 nogeusinda |
녹으셔 nogeusyeo |
녹으세요, 녹으셔요 nogeuseyo, nogeusyeoyo |
녹으십니다 nogeusimnida |
| Past | 녹으셨다 nogeusyeotda |
녹으셨어 nogeusyeosseo |
녹으셨어요 nogeusyeosseoyo |
녹으셨습니다 nogeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 녹으시느냐 nogeusineunya |
녹으셔 nogeusyeo |
녹으세요, 녹으셔요 nogeuseyo, nogeusyeoyo |
녹으십니까 nogeusimnikka |
| Past | 녹으셨느냐 nogeusyeonneunya |
녹으셨어 nogeusyeosseo |
녹으셨어요 nogeusyeosseoyo |
녹으셨습니까 nogeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 녹으시라 nogeusira | 녹으셔 nogeusyeo | 녹으세요 nogeuseyo | 녹으십시오 nogeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 녹으시겠다 nogeusigetda | 녹으시겠어 nogeusigesseo | 녹으시겠어요 nogeusigesseoyo | 녹으시겠습니다 nogeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 녹으셔 nogeusyeo | 녹으셔서 nogeusyeoseo | 녹으시니 nogeusini | 녹으시니까 nogeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 녹으시지만 nogeusijiman | 녹으시는데 nogeusineunde | 녹으시더니 nogeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 녹으시고 nogeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 녹으시면 nogeusimyeon | 녹으셔야 nogeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 녹으시려고 nogeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 녹으심 nogeusim | 녹으시기 nogeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 녹으셨음 nogeusyeosseum | 녹으셨기 nogeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 녹으신 nogeusin | |||
| Present | 녹으시는 nogeusineun | ||||
| Future | 녹으실 nogeusil | ||||
Derived terms
serial verbs
- 녹아들다 (nogadeulda)
- 녹아나다 (noganada)
- 녹아내리다 (noganaerida)
- 녹아떨어지다 (nogatteoreojida)
other verbs
- 겉녹다 (geonnokda)
- 무르녹다 (mureunokda, “to ripen”)
- 어녹다 (eonokda)
- 얼녹다 (eollokda)
nouns
- 녹는점(點) (nongneunjeom, “melting point”)
- 녹초 (nokcho, “utter exhaustion”)
adverbs
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