얼다

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 얼다 (eolda).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /əɭda/

Adjective

얼다 (eolda)

  1. to be cold

Verb

얼다 (eolda)

  1. to freeze

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 얼다 (Yale: el-ta).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈɘ(ː)ɭda̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [얼(ː)다]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?eolda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?eolda
McCune–Reischauer?ŏlda
Yale Romanization?ēlta

Verb
Korean verb set
Base 얼다 (eolda)
Causative얼리다 (eollida)

얼다 • (eolda) (infinitive 얼어, sequential 어니)

  1. (intransitive) to freeze, be frozen
    Antonym: 녹다 (nokda, “to melt”)
    언 손 ― eon son ― frozen hands
    언 고기 ― eon gogi ― frozen meat
    얼어 죽을 ― eoreo jug-eul ― freezing to death
  2. to freeze up, tense up

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 얼다 (eolda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 언다
eonda		 얼어
eoreo		 얼어요
eoreoyo		 업니다
eomnida
Past 얼었다
eoreotda		 얼었어
eoreosseo		 얼었어요
eoreosseoyo		 얼었습니다
eoreotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 어느냐
eoneunya		 얼어
eoreo		 얼어요
eoreoyo		 업니까
eomnikka
Past 얼었느냐
eoreonneunya		 얼었어
eoreosseo		 얼었어요
eoreosseoyo		 얼었습니까
eoreotseumnikka
Hortative 얼자
eolja		얼어
eoreo		얼어요
eoreoyo		어십시다
eosipsida
Imperative 얼어라
eoreora		얼어
eoreo		얼어요
eoreoyo		업시오
eopsio
Assertive 얼겠다
eolgetda		얼겠어
eolgesseo		얼겠어요
eolgesseoyo		얼겠습니다
eolgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 얼어
eoreo		얼어서
eoreoseo		어니
eoni		어니까
eonikka
Contrast 얼지만
eoljiman		어는데
eoneunde		얼더니
eoldeoni
Conjunction 얼고
eolgo
Condition 얼면
eolmyeon		얼어야
eoreoya
Motive 얼려고
eollyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 얾
eom		얼기
eolgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 얼었음
eoreosseum		얼었기
eoreotgi
Determiners Past 언
eon
Present 어는
eoneun
Future 얼
eol
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 어신다
eosinda		 어셔
eosyeo		 어세요, 어셔요
eoseyo, eosyeoyo		 어십니다
eosimnida
Past 어셨다
eosyeotda		 어셨어
eosyeosseo		 어셨어요
eosyeosseoyo		 어셨습니다
eosyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 어시느냐
eosineunya		 어셔
eosyeo		 어세요, 어셔요
eoseyo, eosyeoyo		 어십니까
eosimnikka
Past 어셨느냐
eosyeonneunya		 어셨어
eosyeosseo		 어셨어요
eosyeosseoyo		 어셨습니까
eosyeotseumnikka
Imperative 어시라
eosira		어셔
eosyeo		어세요
eoseyo		어십시오
eosipsio
Assertive 어시겠다
eosigetda		어시겠어
eosigesseo		어시겠어요
eosigesseoyo		어시겠습니다
eosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 어셔
eosyeo		어셔서
eosyeoseo		어시니
eosini		어시니까
eosinikka
Contrast 어시지만
eosijiman		어시는데
eosineunde		어시더니
eosideoni
Conjunction 어시고
eosigo
Condition 어시면
eosimyeon		어셔야
eosyeoya
Motive 어시려고
eosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 어심
eosim		어시기
eosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 어셨음
eosyeosseum		어셨기
eosyeotgi
Determiners Past 어신
eosin
Present 어시는
eosineun
Future 어실
eosil

Derived terms
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