馨

See also: 䅽 and 馫

馨	U+99A8, 馨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99A8

← 馧
[U+99A7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

馩 →
[U+99A9]

Translingual

Han character

馨 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+11, 20 strokes, cangjie input 土水竹木日 (GEHDA), four-corner 4760₉, composition ⿱殸香)

fragrant, aromatic

Derived characters

𧅥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1429, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44559
Dae Jaweon: page 1956, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4425, character 8
Unihan data for U+99A8

Chinese

trad.		馨
simp. ^#		馨
alternative forms		䅽馫𡄈𪐕

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (殸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
殸	kʰreːŋ, kʰeːŋs
聲	*qʰjeŋ
謦	kʰeːŋʔ, kʰeːŋs
磬	*kʰeːŋs
罄	*kʰeːŋs
馨	*qʰeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰeːŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 香 (“sweet”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Why doesn't the Mandarin reading end in -ng?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīn, xīng (xin¹, xing¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ, ㄒㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hing¹
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hin¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): heng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hêng¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹shin / ¹chin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sin
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹
  - Yale: syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
  - Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sing
  - Wade–Giles: hsing¹
  - Yale: syīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
  - Palladius: син (sin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hing¹
  - Yale: hīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hin⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng
  - Tâi-lô: hing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: heng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ¹shin
  - MiniDict: shin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɕin⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕin³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕiŋ⁵²/
- (Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹chin
  - MiniDict: chin^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³⁴/

Middle Chinese: xeng

Rime
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	呼刑切
Baxter	xeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/heŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/heŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/xeŋ/
Wang Li	/xieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hing¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤeŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰeːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ xeng ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁeŋ/
English	fragrance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
No.	10520
Phonetic component	殸
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	馨
Old Chinese	/*qʰeːŋ/

Definitions

馨

(literary) spread out fragrance; fragrant
(literary, figurative) widespread renown and reputation

Compounds

垂馨千祀
寧馨／宁馨
寧馨兒／宁馨儿
康乃馨 (kāngnǎixīn)
明德惟馨
清馨 (qīngxīn)
溫馨／温馨 (wēnxīn)
甘馨之費／甘馨之费
素馨 (sùxīn)
芳馨
雲南黃馨／云南黄馨
馨逸
馨香 (xīnxiāng)
馨香禱祝／馨香祷祝

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04618
“馨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

馨

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)
Kan-on: けい (kei)
Kun: かおる (kaoru, 馨る)

Compounds

素馨(そけい) (sokei): Spanish jasmine

Proper noun

馨(かおる) • (Kaoru)

a unisex given name

Korean

Hanja

馨 (eumhun 꽃다울 형 (kkotdaul hyeong))
馨 (eumhun 향기 형 (hyanggi hyeong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

馨: Hán Nôm readings: hinh, hanh, hênh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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