電車

See also: 电车

Chinese

		electric; electricity; electrical	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (電車)		電	車
simp. (电车)		电	车

電車 (1)

電車 (2)

電車 (3)

Etymology

The modern definitions are wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 電(でん)車(しゃ) (densha),[1] first attested in 《出使英法義比四國日記》 by Xue Fucheng in 1890.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diànchē

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶ ce¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien-chhâ
Jin (Wiktionary): die³ ce¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiān-chhia

(Teochew, Peng'im): diang⁶ cia¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶di-tsho

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diànchē
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diànche
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴-chʻê¹
  - Yale: dyàn-chē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diannche
  - Palladius: дяньчэ (djanʹčɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: din⁶ ce¹
  - Yale: dihn chē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶ tse¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: din⁶ cé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːn²² t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien-chhâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien ca´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian⁴ ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: die³ ce¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tie⁴⁵ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tiān-tshia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diexnchiaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰia³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diang⁶ cia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiăng tshia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶di-tsho
  - MiniDict: di^去 tsho
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³di-tsho
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² t͡sʰo⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: denH tsyhae

Rime
Character	電	車
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	堂練切	尺遮切
Baxter	denH	tsyhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/den^H/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Pan Wuyun	/den^H/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛn^H/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛn^H/	/cʰia/
Li Rong	/den^H/	/t͡ɕʰia/
Wang Li	/dien^H/	/t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱien^H/	/t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn	chē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	din⁶	ce¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤi[n]-s [t.qʰ](r)A/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'iːns kʰlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	電	車
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	chē
Middle Chinese	‹ den^H ›	‹ tsyhæ ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁi[n]-s/	/*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English	lightning	chariot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	電	車
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11233	1311
Phonetic component	申	車
Rime group	眞	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	電	車
Old Chinese	/*l'iːns/	/*kʰlja/

Noun

電車

tram; streetcar
(Taiwan or in reference to Japan) electric multiple unit train
(Mainland China, Hong Kong) electric vehicle
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, dated) automobile; motor car; sedan
(historical, obsolete) an ancient covered chariot specialized in raiding enemy camps
- 輜車騎寇。一名電車，兵法謂之電擊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  辎车骑寇。一名电车，兵法谓之电击。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Six Secret Teachings, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Zīchē qíkòu. Yī míng diànchē, bīngfǎ wèi zhī diànjī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Usage notes

In Mainland China, in the context of trains, 電車／电车 only refers to trains in Japan.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 汽車 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		汽車
Mandarin	Beijing	汽車
	Taiwan	汽車
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	汽車
	Jinan	汽車
	Xi'an	汽車
	Wuhan	汽車
	Chengdu	汽車
	Guilin	汽車
	Pingle	汽車
	Luzhai	汽車
	Nanning (Wuming)	汽車
	Binyang (Nanjie)	汽車
	Yizhou	汽車
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	汽車
	Tianlin (Langping)	汽車
	Yangzhou	汽車
	Hefei	汽車
	Malaysia	車
	Singapore	汽車, 車
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	汽車, 馬什乃
	Dagudi (Maliba)	汽車
	Reshuitang (Longling)	汽車
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	汽車
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	汽車
Cantonese	Guangzhou	汽車, 車
	Hong Kong	汽車, 車
	Taishan	汽車
	Yangjiang	汽車
	Guiping (Jintian)	汽車
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	汽車
	Guiping (Madong)	汽車
	Qinzhou	汽車
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	汽車
	Beihai	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	汽車
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	汽車
	Singapore (Guangfu)	車
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	汽車
	Móng Cái	汽車
Gan	Nanchang	汽車
Hakka	Meixian	汽車
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	汽車, 自動車
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	汽車, 自動車
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	汽車, 自動車
	Kuching (Hepo)	車
Jin	Taiyuan	汽車
Northern Min	Jian'ou	汽車
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	汽車
Southern Min	Xiamen	汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	風車
	Quanzhou	汽車, 風車, 大車
	Hui'an	風車
	Zhangzhou	汽車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Zhao'an	汽車, 風車
	Taipei	自動車
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	自動車
	Kaohsiung	自動車, 動車
	Yilan	自動車
	Changhua (Lukang)	自動車
	Taichung	汽車, 自動車
	Tainan	自動車
	Hsinchu	自動車
	Kinmen	汽車
	Penghu (Magong)	自動車, 汽車
	Penang (Hokkien)	車
	Singapore (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Manila (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Guilin (Biyange)	汽車
	Chaozhou	汽車, 羅里
	Shantou	羅里
	Shantou (Chenghai)	羅里
	Jieyang	羅里
	Singapore (Teochew)	車, 風車
	Pontianak (Teochew)	羅里
	Singapore (Hainanese)	車
Puxian Min	Xianyou	汽車
Central Min	Yanping (Wangtai)	汽車
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	汽車
Wu	Shanghai	汽車, 大眼睛
	Suzhou	汽車
	Wenzhou	汽車
Xiang	Changsha	汽車
Xiang	Shuangfeng	汽車

(electric vehicle): 電動車／电动车 (diàndòngchē)

Derived terms

單軌引導電車／单轨引导电车
懸空電車／悬空电车
有軌電車／有轨电车 (yǒuguǐdiànchē)
無軌電車／无轨电车 (wúguǐ diànchē)

References

汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 270

Japanese

電車 (densha): an electric multiple unit train.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
電	車
でん Grade: 2	しゃ Grade: 1
on’yomi

電(でん) (den, “electric”) + 車(しゃ) (sha, “vehicle”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) でんしゃ [dèńshá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
(Tokyo) でんしゃ [déꜜǹshà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [dẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]
Audio (file)

Audio 2 (file)

Noun

電(でん)車(しゃ) • (densha) (counter 本)

an electric multiple unit train
(informal) any train, regardless of power source

Derived terms

電(でん)車(しゃ)賃(ちん) (denshachin): train fare, railroad fare
電(でん)車(しゃ)代(だい) (denshadai): train fare, railroad fare
電(でん)車(しゃ)運(うん)転(てん)士(し) (densha untenshi): train driver
満(まん)員(いん)電(でん)車(しゃ) (man'in densha): full-crowded train

References

2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
電	車

Noun

電車 • (jeoncha) (hangeul 전차)

Hanja form^? of 전차 (“streetcar, trolley, tram”).

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[1] 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 270

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN