自動車

See also: 自动车

Chinese

		automatic; voluntary; of one's own accord automatic; voluntary; of one's own accord; on one's initiative; spontaneous	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (自動車)		自動	車
simp. (自动车)		自动	车

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) (jidōsha).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìdòngchē

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ dung⁶ ce¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-thung-chhâ / chì-tó-sià
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-tōng-chhia / chīr-tōng-chhia / chǐr-tǒng-chhia / ji-lò͘-sià / li-lò͘-sià / ji-lò-sià / gi-lò͘-sià

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìdòngchē
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhdòngche
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-tung⁴-chʻê¹
  - Yale: dz̀-dùng-chē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhdonqche
  - Palladius: цзыдунчэ (czydunčɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ dung⁶ ce¹
  - Yale: jih duhng chē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ dung⁶ tse¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ dung⁶ cé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-thung-chhâ / chì-tó-sià
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii tung ca´ / jiˇ do` xiaˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ tung⁴ ca¹ / ji² do³ xia²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/, /t͡si¹¹ to³¹ si̯a¹¹/

Note: chì-tó-sià - from Japanese pronunciation.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Tainan, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-tōng-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-tōng-tshia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxdoxngchiaf
  - IPA (Yilan): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Tainan): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-tōng-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tsīr-tōng-tshia
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǐr-tǒng-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tsǐr-tǒng-tshia
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sɨ³³⁻²² tɔŋ³³⁻²² t͡sʰia³³/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji-lò͘-sià
  - Tâi-lô: ji-lòo-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jilorsiax
  - IPA (Tainan): /d͡zi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia²¹/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li-lò͘-sià
  - Tâi-lô: li-lòo-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lilorsiax
- (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji-lò-sià
  - Tâi-lô: ji-lò-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiloirsiax
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gi-lò͘-sià
  - Tâi-lô: gi-lòo-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gilorsiax

Note: ji-lò͘-sià/li-lò͘-sià/ji-lò-sià/gi-lò͘-sià - from Japanese pronunciation.

Noun

自動車

(dated, still used in Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) automobile; motor car

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 汽車 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		汽車
Mandarin	Beijing	汽車
	Taiwan	汽車
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	汽車
	Jinan	汽車
	Xi'an	汽車
	Wuhan	汽車
	Chengdu	汽車
	Guilin	汽車
	Pingle	汽車
	Luzhai	汽車
	Nanning (Wuming)	汽車
	Binyang (Nanjie)	汽車
	Yizhou	汽車
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	汽車
	Tianlin (Langping)	汽車
	Yangzhou	汽車
	Hefei	汽車
	Malaysia	車
	Singapore	汽車, 車
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	汽車, 馬什乃
	Dagudi (Maliba)	汽車
	Reshuitang (Longling)	汽車
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	汽車
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	汽車
Cantonese	Guangzhou	汽車, 車
	Hong Kong	汽車, 車
	Taishan	汽車
	Yangjiang	汽車
	Guiping (Jintian)	汽車
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	汽車
	Guiping (Madong)	汽車
	Qinzhou	汽車
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	汽車
	Beihai	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	汽車
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	汽車
	Singapore (Guangfu)	車
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	汽車
	Móng Cái	汽車
Gan	Nanchang	汽車
Hakka	Meixian	汽車
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	汽車, 自動車
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	汽車, 自動車
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	汽車, 自動車
	Kuching (Hepo)	車
Jin	Taiyuan	汽車
Northern Min	Jian'ou	汽車
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	汽車
Southern Min	Xiamen	汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	風車
	Quanzhou	汽車, 風車, 大車
	Hui'an	風車
	Zhangzhou	汽車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Zhao'an	汽車, 風車
	Taipei	自動車
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	自動車
	Kaohsiung	自動車, 動車
	Yilan	自動車
	Changhua (Lukang)	自動車
	Taichung	汽車, 自動車
	Tainan	自動車
	Hsinchu	自動車
	Kinmen	汽車
	Penghu (Magong)	自動車, 汽車
	Penang (Hokkien)	車
	Singapore (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Manila (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Guilin (Biyange)	汽車
	Chaozhou	汽車, 羅里
	Shantou	羅里
	Shantou (Chenghai)	羅里
	Jieyang	羅里
	Singapore (Teochew)	車, 風車
	Pontianak (Teochew)	羅里
	Singapore (Hainanese)	車
Puxian Min	Xianyou	汽車
Central Min	Yanping (Wangtai)	汽車
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	汽車
Wu	Shanghai	汽車, 大眼睛
	Suzhou	汽車
	Wenzhou	汽車
Xiang	Changsha	汽車
Xiang	Shuangfeng	汽車

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #2731”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	動	車
じ Grade: 2	どう Grade: 3	しゃ Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じどーしゃ [jìdóꜜòshà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2]
(Tokyo) じどーしゃ [jìdóóshá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑido̞ːɕa̠]

Noun

自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) • (jidōsha) ^{←じどうしや (zidousya)^?}

automobile, car, motorcar

Synonyms

車(くるま) (kuruma)

Derived terms

大型自動車(おおがたじどうしゃ) (ōgatajidōsha)
貸(か)し自動車(じどうしゃ) (kashijidōsha)
貨物自動車(かもつじどうしゃ) (kamotsujidōsha): truck
軽自動車(けいじどうしゃ) (keijidōsha): Kei-car
小型自動車(こがたじどうしゃ) (kogatajidōsha): small car
辻自動車(つじじどうしゃ) (tsujijidōsha): taxi
乗用自動車(じょうようじどうしゃ) (jōyōjidōsha): automobile (formal)
電気自動車(でんきじどうしゃ) (denkijidōsha): electric car
乗合自動車(のりあいじどうしゃ) (noriaijidōsha): bus
中古自動車(ちゅうこじどうしゃ) (chūkojidōsha): used car
自動車化(じどうしゃか) (jidōshaka): motorization, motorisation
自動車学校(じどうしゃがっこう) (jidōshagakkō): car school
自動車事故(じどうしゃじこ) (jidōshajiko): car accident
自動車税(じどうしゃぜい) (jidōshazei): car tax
自動車泥(じどうしゃどろ) (jidōshadoro): car robber
自動車電話(じどうしゃでんわ) (jidōshadenwa): car phone
自動車保険(じどうしゃほけん) (jidōshahoken): car insurance

References

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	動	車

Noun

自動車 • (jadongcha) (hangeul 자동차)

Hanja form^? of 자동차 (“automobile”).

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[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN