See also:
U+920D, 鈍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-920D

[U+920C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+920E]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 167, +4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金心山 (CPU), four-corner 85117, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𢵶 𡚃 𫫲

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40219
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4175, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+920D

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *duːns) : semantic (metal) + phonetic (OC *duːn, *tun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (dull; blunt). Compare Tibetan རྟུལ (rtul, dull; blunt).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
    • tūn - “stupid”.
  • Quanzhou:
    • tūn - literary;
    • tǔn - vernacular.
  • Taiwan:
    • tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
    • tùn/tūn - “stupid”.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (55)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter dwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duənH/
Pan
Wuyun
/duonH/
Shao
Rongfen
/duənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dwənH/
Li
Rong
/duənH/
Wang
Li
/duənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
deon6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*duːns/

Definitions

  1. dull; blunt; not sharp
    Antonym: (jiān)
  2. dull-witted; dim-witted; slow-witted; stupid
  3. a surname
  4. (Northern Wu) to satirise; to mock; to disparage
    閒話來的 [Ningbonese, trad.]
    闲话来的 [Ningbonese, simp.]
    From: 1996, Tang Zhenzhu, Wu Xinmin and Wu Xinxian, 寧波方言詞典, page 254
    7kiq 2ghae-wo6 6zy 6le-tiq7 6den-ji6 0la 6ji 2gha 1thin-vaq8-tshyuq7 [Wugniu]
    All this stuff that's said is supposed to be mocking him, and he doesn't even realise it!

Compounds

  • 刓鈍刓钝
  • 利鈍利钝
  • 厭鈍厌钝
  • 厲世摩鈍厉世摩钝
  • 厲世磨鈍厉世磨钝
  • 口呆目鈍口呆目钝
  • 口舌呆鈍口舌呆钝
  • 口鈍口钝
  • 呐鈍
  • 吶鈍呐钝
  • 呆鈍呆钝
  • 嘴鈍嘴钝
  • 嬾鈍懒钝
  • 孱鈍孱钝
  • 屈鈍屈钝
  • 屯鈍屯钝
  • 平鈍平钝
  • 庸鈍庸钝
  • 怯鈍怯钝
  • 愚鈍愚钝 (yúdùn)
  • 懦鈍懦钝
  • 戇鈍戆钝
  • 成敗利鈍成败利钝 (chéngbàilìdùn)
  • 拙口鈍腮拙口钝腮
  • 拙口鈍辭拙口钝辞
  • 拙手鈍腳拙手钝脚
  • 拙鈍拙钝
  • 搦朽磨鈍搦朽磨钝
  • 昏鈍昏钝
  • 暗鈍暗钝
  • 朽戈鈍甲朽戈钝甲
  • 朽鈍朽钝
  • 朴鈍
  • 柔鈍柔钝
  • 根鈍根钝
  • 棗膏昏鈍枣膏昏钝
  • 椎鈍椎钝
  • 椎魯樸鈍椎鲁朴钝
  • 樸鈍朴钝
  • 淺鈍浅钝
  • 滯鈍滞钝
  • 疏慵愚鈍疏慵愚钝
  • 疲鈍疲钝
  • 痴鈍痴钝
  • 癡眉鈍眼痴眉钝眼
  • 癡鈍痴钝
  • 眼鈍眼钝
  • 砥鈍砥钝
  • 磨鈍磨钝
  • 礪世摩鈍砺世摩钝
  • 礪世磨鈍砺世磨钝
  • 笨鈍笨钝
  • 策頑磨鈍策顽磨钝
  • 策駑礪鈍策驽砺钝
  • 羸鈍羸钝
  • 老鈍老钝
  • 肥鈍肥钝
  • 蒙鈍蒙钝
  • 衰鈍衰钝
  • 訥鈍讷钝
  • 謹鈍谨钝
  • 財門鈍驢财门钝驴
  • 蹇鈍蹇钝
  • 辭鈍辞钝
  • 迂鈍迂钝
  • 遲眉鈍眼迟眉钝眼
  • 遲鈍迟钝 (chídùn)
  • 鄙鈍鄙钝
  • 鈍丞钝丞
  • 鈍公子钝公子
  • 鈍兵钝兵
  • 鈍冥钝冥
  • 鈍刀慢剮钝刀慢剐
  • 鈍劣钝劣
  • 鈍勁眉眼钝劲眉眼
  • 鈍卵钝卵
  • 鈍口拙腮钝口拙腮
  • 鈍器钝器 (dùnqì)
  • 鈍夫钝夫
  • 鈍學钝学
  • 鈍屯钝屯
  • 鈍廢钝废
  • 鈍弊钝弊
  • 鈍悶钝闷
  • 鈍才钝才
  • 鈍折钝折
  • 鈍拙钝拙
  • 鈍擬钝拟
  • 鈍敝钝敝
  • 鈍根钝根
  • 鈍根苗钝根苗
  • 鈍椎钝椎
  • 鈍槌钝槌
  • 鈍樸钝朴
  • 鈍漢钝汉
  • 鈍滯钝滞
  • 鈍濁钝浊
  • 鈍獘钝毙
  • 鈍直钝直
  • 鈍眊钝眊
  • 鈍磔钝磔
  • 鈍置钝置
  • 鈍聞钝闻
  • 鈍致钝致
  • 鈍蒙钝蒙
  • 鈍衰钝衰
  • 鈍角钝角 (dùnjiǎo)
  • 鈍語钝语
  • 鈍賊钝贼
  • 鈍遲钝迟
  • 鈍重钝重
  • 鈍金钝金
  • 鈋鈍𨱂钝
  • 鈍鉤钝钩
  • 鈍鎚钝锤
  • 鈍閔钝闵
  • 鈍響钝响
  • 鈍頑钝顽
  • 鈍頭钝头
  • 鈍顏钝颜
  • 鈍騃钝𫘤
  • 鈍魯钝鲁
  • 鉛鈍铅钝
  • 銖鈍铢钝
  • 銷鈍销钝
  • 闇鈍暗钝
  • 靜鈍静钝
  • 頑鈍顽钝 (wándùn)
  • 駑鈍驽钝
  • 騃童鈍夫𫘤童钝夫
  • 騃鈍𫘤钝
  • 魯鈍鲁钝
  • 鹵鈍卤钝
  • 齒落舌鈍齿落舌钝

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. dull, blunt (of edge)
  2. dull, stupid, slow, slow-witted (of senses)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
にび
Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of classical verb 鈍ぶ (nibu, to become dark gray).[1] In modern Japanese, reanalyzed as a shortening of compound term 鈍色 (nibiiro, dark gray).[1][2]

First cited to the late 900s.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [nìbíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɲ̟ibʲi]

Noun

(にび) • (nibi) 

  1. short for 鈍色 (nibiiro): dark gray

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
なまくら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
鈍ら

The first portion nama is from (nama). This usually has a sense of raw but also has overtones of unprocessed, unready and thus some semantic overlap with, and is cognate with, 鈍る (namaru, to become dull, especially due to lack of proper tempering).

The second portion kura is of uncertain derivation.

The term is first cited to 1711.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) まくら [nàmákúrá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ma̠kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Adjective

(なまくら) • (namakura) -na (adnominal (なまくら) (namakura na), adverbial (なまくら) (namakura ni))

  1. (uncommon) dull of edge, unable to cut well
  2. (uncommon) dull of mind, lazy, insipid

Noun

(なまくら) • (namakura) 

  1. a blunt blade
  2. a lazy person, a dullard
    Synonym: 怠け者 (namakemono)
Derived terms
  • (なまくら)(がたな) (namakura-gatana, a dull sword)
  • (なまくら)()() (namakura bushi, a warrior with a dull sword; a warrior with no ambition)
  • (なまくら)(もの) (namakuramono, a dull blade)
  • (なまくら)(もの) (namakuramono, a lazy person)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
Grade: S

Shift in usage, repurposing the stem of 形容詞 (keiyōshi, -i adjective) 鈍い (noroi, slow of thought or action) as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, -na adjective).[3][4]

First cited to a work from 1891.[4]

Pronunciation

Adjective

(のろ) • (noro) -na (adnominal (のろ) (noro na), adverbial (のろ) (noro ni))

  1. [1891] mentally slow, dull-witted, stupid
  2. [1891] physically slow, slow of action
Inflection

Noun

(のろ) • (noro) 

  1. dullard, dimwit

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 무딜 (mudil dun))

  1. Hanja form? of (blunt, obtuse).
  2. Hanja form? of (dull).
  3. Hanja form? of (flat).
  4. Hanja form? of (dull-witted).

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: độn

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