起立

Chinese

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐlì

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei² laap⁶, hei² lap⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-li̍p
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵chi-liq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐlì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐlì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³-li⁴
  - Yale: chǐ-lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiilih
  - Palladius: цили (cili)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    綺麗／绮丽
    起立
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei² laap⁶, hei² lap⁶
  - Yale: héi laahp, héi lahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei² laap⁹, hei² lap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi² lab⁶, héi² leb⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³⁵ laːp̚²/, /hei̯³⁵ lɐp̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-li̍p
  - Tâi-lô: khí-li̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qylip
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lip̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lip̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi-liq
  - MiniDict: chi^去 lih
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi-liq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³³ liɪʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: khiX lip

Rime
Character	起	立
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	侵 (141)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	墟里切	力入切
Baxter	khiX	lip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨ^X/	/liɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨ^X/	/lip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰie^X/	/ljep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨ^X/	/lip̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiə^X/	/liəp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭə^X/	/lĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi^X/	/li̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei²	lap⁶

Etymology 1

		to stand up	to stand
trad. (起立)		起	立
simp. ^#(起立)		起	立

Verb

起立

(intransitive) to stand up; to rise
全體起立！／全体起立！ ― Quántǐ qǐlì! ― All rise!

起立鼓掌 ― qǐlì gǔzhǎng ― to give a standing ovation

Synonyms

起身 (qǐshēn)
站起來／站起来 (zhàn qǐlai)

Antonyms

坐下 (zuòxià)

Etymology 2

		to build	to set up
trad. (起立)		起	立
simp. ^#(起立)		起	立

Verb

起立

(transitive) to build; to construct

Synonyms

修建 (xiūjiàn)
修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
塑建 (sùjiàn)
建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
建築／建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
建設／建设 (jiànshè)
建造 (jiànzào)
搭 (Hokkien)
搭建 (dājiàn)
搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
構造／构造 (gòuzào)
營造／营造 (yíngzào)
版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
築／筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
起	立
き Grade: 3	りつ Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

起(き)立(りつ) • (kiritsu)

standing up
起(き)立(りつ)を求(もと)められた。
Kiritsu o motomerareta.
We were asked to stand.

全(ぜん)員(いん)起(き)立(りつ)！
Zen'in kiritsu!
All rise!

Verb

起(き)立(りつ)する • (kiritsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 起(き)立(りつ)し (kiritsu shi), past 起(き)立(りつ)した (kiritsu shita))

to stand up; to rise

Conjugation

Conjugation of "起立する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	起立し	きりつし	kiritsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	起立し	きりつし	kiritsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	起立する	きりつする	kiritsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	起立する	きりつする	kiritsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	起立すれ	きりつすれ	kiritsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	起立せよ¹ 起立しろ²	きりつせよ¹ きりつしろ²	kiritsu seyo¹ kiritsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	起立される	きりつされる	kiritsu sareru
Causative	起立させる起立さす	きりつさせるきりつさす	kiritsu saseru kiritsu sasu
Potential	起立できる	きりつできる	kiritsu dekiru
Volitional	起立しよう	きりつしよう	kiritsu shiyō
Negative	起立しない	きりつしない	kiritsu shinai
Negative continuative	起立せず	きりつせず	kiritsu sezu
Formal	起立します	きりつします	kiritsu shimasu
Perfective	起立した	きりつした	kiritsu shita
Conjunctive	起立して	きりつして	kiritsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	起立すれば	きりつすれば	kiritsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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