蝴蝶

Chinese

butterfly
trad. (蝴蝶)
simp. #(蝴蝶)
2nd round simp. 胡蛈
alternative forms 胡蝶 obsolete

Etymology

From Middle Chinese *ɦuo dep (first syllable unstressed), from Old Chinese *ɡaː l'eːb, derived from a proto-form of *kʰleːp ~ *ɦleːp, a prefixed form of the root *lep (“butterfly”), which was also the source of.

Variants of 胡蝶 / 蝴蝶, representing different developments from the proto-form, including disyllabification, fricativisation of the voiceless initial, etc.:

(OC *l'eːb), (OC *seːb), 胡蜨 / 蝴蜨 (OC *ɡaː seːb), 蛺蝶 (OC *keːb l'eːb), 蛺蜨 (OC *keːb seːb).

There are different theories regarding the original meaning of the root *lep:

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljap (thin; flat; flat object), represented by the phonetic element (OC *leb) in Chinese. Related to (OC *hljeb, *leb, “leaf”), (OC *l'eːb, “official document < plank”), Tibetan ལེབ་ལེབ (leb leb, flat; level), ལེབ་མོ (leb mo, flat) and Burmese လှပ် (hlap, thin). See for more.
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljap (lightning; flash; glitter) (Matisoff, 2003), whence also (OC *ɢʷab, *ɢʷɯb, “gleaming”), (OC *ɢrub, *lub, “flashing”) and Burmese လျှပ် (hlyap, (of light) to strike; to shine; lightning). Compare Malay kerlap (to flash; to glisten, as the wings of flying butterflies), and Tagalog kislap ("to sparkle").

Alternatively, Sun (1999) proposes that 蝴蝶 is a fission reduplication of two cognate bases, the former being more likely:

  • (OC *ɡeːb, “to press from both sides; to carry something under one's arms”), alluding to the flapping motion of the butterfly's wings, or
  • (OC *kreːb, “pincers”), from the way the butterfly holds its wings erect when not flying.

Compare Proto-Austronesian *kali-, *qali- (prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world, including “butterfly”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial () (33) (7)
Final () (23) (158)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I IV
Fanqie
Baxter hu dep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦuo/ /dep̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦuo/ /dep̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣo/ /dɛp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦɔ/ /dɛp̚/
Li
Rong
/ɣo/ /dep̚/
Wang
Li
/ɣu/ /diep̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣuo/ /dʱiep̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wu4 dip6

Noun

蝴蝶

蝴蝶 (1)
  1. butterfly (Classifier: )
  2. (Hokkien) hinge (device for the pivoting of a door)

Synonyms

  • (butterfly):

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (胡蝶, 蝴蝶):

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Hyōgaiji
ちょう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 蝴蝶 – see the following entry.
胡蝶こちょう
[noun] butterfly
(This term, 蝴蝶, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
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