苦楚

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	distinct; clear; orderly distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; ancient place name; surname
trad. (苦楚)		苦	楚
simp. ^#(苦楚)		苦	楚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔchǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄔㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² co²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-chhú
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-chhó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǔchǔ [Phonetic: kúchǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄔㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǔchǔ
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu³-chʻu³
  - Yale: kǔ-chǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuchuu
  - Palladius: кучу (kuču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² co²
  - Yale: fú chó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² tso²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² co²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-chhú
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` cu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ cu³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ t͡sʰu³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-chhó͘
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-tshóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofzhor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/

Noun

苦楚

suffering; pain; misery; sorrow
- 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 哥林多後書 [2 Corinthians] 4:17:
  
  我們這至暫至輕的苦楚、要爲我們成就極重無比永遠的榮耀。 [MSC, trad.]
  我们这至暂至轻的苦楚、要为我们成就极重无比永远的荣耀。 [MSC, simp.]
  Wǒmen zhè zhì zàn zhì qīng de kǔchǔ, yào wèi wǒmen chéngjiù jí zhòng wúbǐ yǒngyuǎn de róngyào. [Pinyin]
  For our light affliction, which is for the moment, worketh for us more and more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory (English Revised Version)
- 1977, “前程錦繡”, 盧國沾 [Jimmy Lo] (lyrics), 小椋佳 [Kei Ogura] (music), performed by 羅文 [Roman Tam]:
  
  小小苦楚等於激勵　等於苦海翻細浪 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  小小苦楚等于激励　等于苦海翻细浪 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  siu² siu² fu² co² dang² jyu¹ gik¹ lai⁶, dang² jyu¹ fu² hoi² faan¹ sai³ long⁶ [Jyutping]
  A tiny bit of pain is just encouragement, is just a small wave in a sea of bitterness.
- 2010, 江志豐 (lyrics and music), “堅持”‎performed by 翁立友:
  
  成功的背後　抹哉有多少苦楚 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  成功的背后　抹哉有多少苦楚 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  sêng-kong ê pōe-hiō, m̄ chai ū gōa-chōe khó͘-chhó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The amount of pain there is behind success is not known

Synonyms

痛楚 (tòngchǔ)
痛苦 (tòngkǔ)
苦水 (kǔshuǐ) (figurative)
苦處／苦处 (kǔchù)
苦難／苦难 (kǔnàn)
隱痛／隐痛 (yǐntòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (苦楚):

→ Japanese: 苦楚(くそ) (kuso)
→ Korean: 고초(苦楚) (gocho)

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