芋
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Translingual
Han character
芋 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿一木 (TMD) or 難廿一木 (XTMD), four-corner 44401, composition ⿱艹于)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30670
- Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3174, character 3
- Unihan data for U+828B
- Unihan data for U+2F990
Chinese
| trad. | 芋 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 芋 | |
| alternative forms | 芌 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) – taro.
Etymology 1
Unclear. Shuowen suggests that the word arises from the startling size of the taro, leading Kai Xu to connect it to 吁 (OC *qʰʷa), which is the sound that one makes when one is startled. However, this seems to be folk etymology.
Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *wouH (“taro”), Burmese ဝ (wa., “elephant foot yam”), Tibetan གྲོ་མ (gro ma, “Argentina anserina (syn. Potentilla anserina), a plant with small edible tubers”). There are various theories on how all these words are related:
- Schuessler (2007) considers it to be an areal word, comparing it to the Hmong-Mien and Burmese words. Schuessler (2015) does not consider the Tibetan word to be cognate.
- Blench (2012) suggests that the Chinese word is borrowed from Proto-Hmong-Mien and that the Burmese word may be a late loan from Old Chinese.
- STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-rwa (“taro; yam; tuber”), whence the Tibetan word. This etymon is regarded as allofamically related this word and 薯 (OC *djas).
- Gong Hwang-cherng (2002) and Baxter and Sagart (2017) also suggest that this word is related to the Tibetan word.
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Compounds
- 凍芋／冻芋
- 君子芋
- 土芋
- 姑婆芋 (gūpóyù)
- 姜芋
- 山芋 (shānyù)
- 山芋荷
- 岷下芋
- 彩葉芋／彩叶芋
- 栗芋
- 水芋仔
- 洋芋 (yángyù)
- 洋芋片 (yángyùpiàn)
- 海芋
- 烏芋／乌芋 (wūyù)
- 煨芋
- 燙手山芋／烫手山芋 (tàngshǒu shānyù)
- 瓜疇芋區／瓜畴芋区
- 生水芋頭／生水芋头
- 番芋 (fānyù)
- 白芋
- 竹芋
- 老芋仔
- 芋仔
- 芋仔冰
- 芋冰
- 芋卵
- 芋圓／芋圆 (yùyuán)
- 芋奶
- 芋妳
- 芋子
- 芋栗
- 芋母
- 芋泥 (yùní)
- 芋渠
- 芋火
- 芋稈／芋秆
- 芋粄
- 芋粿 (yùguǒ)
- 芋粿曲
- 芋艿 (yùnǎi)
- 芒芋
- 芋莖／芋茎
- 芋荷
- 芋荷形
- 芋角 (yùjiǎo)
- 芋郎
- 芋郎君
- 芋頭／芋头 (yùtou)
- 芋頭糕／芋头糕 (yùtougāo)
- 芋頭酥／芋头酥
- 芋餅／芋饼
- 芋魁
- 芋魁豆飯／芋魁豆饭
- 芋魁飯豆／芋魁饭豆
- 芭蕉芋
- 荔芋 (lìyù)
- 茵芋
- 菊芋 (júyù)
- 蓒芋
- 藷芋／薯芋
- 軒芋／轩芋
- 野芋
- 雀芋
- 鬼芋
- 魔芋 (móyù)
- 鸇芋／鹯芋
- 龜背芋／龟背芋
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Japanese
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 芋 (MC hjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 芌/우〯 (wǔ) (Yale: wu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.