真空

See also: 眞空

Chinese
real; true; genuine
 
emptied; leisure; air
emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain
trad. (真空/眞空) 真/眞 空
simp. (真空) 真 空

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 真 空
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 側鄰切 苦紅切
Baxter tsyin khuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiɪn/ /kʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕin/ /kʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕjen/ /kʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cin/ /kʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiĕn/ /kʰuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭĕn/ /kʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯ĕn/ /kʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhēn kōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zan1 hung1

Noun

真空

  1. (physics or figuratively) vacuum
    信仰真空  ―  xìnyǎng zhēnkōng  ―  belief vacuum
  2. (Buddhism) any phenomenon without material existence (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

Verb

真空

  1. (neologism) to not wear underwear (partially or fully)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
真 空
しん
Grade: 3		 くう
Grade: 1
on’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
眞空 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 真空 (MC tsyin khuwng).

First attested in the 懐風藻 (Kaifūsō) anthology of Sinitic poetry written by Japanese authors, compiled in 751.[1]

The modern sense of vacuum is first attested in 1876.[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

真(しん)空(くう) • (shinkū) -na (adnominal 真(しん)空(くう)な (shinkū na), adverbial 真(しん)空(くう)に (shinkū ni))

  1. (rare) vacant, empty

Usage notes

Monolingual dictionaries do not include any adjective sense,[1][2][3] suggesting that this usage may be a recent development that is not yet considered standard.

Inflection
Inflection of 真空
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 真空だろ しんくうだろ shinkū daro
Continuative (連用形) 真空で しんくうで shinkū de
Terminal (終止形) 真空だ しんくうだ shinkū da
Attributive (連体形) 真空な しんくうな shinkū na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 真空なら しんくうなら shinkū nara
Imperative (命令形) 真空であれ しんくうであれ shinkū de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 真空ではない
真空じゃない		 しんくうではない
しんくうじゃない		 shinkū de wa nai
shinkū ja nai
Informal past 真空だった しんくうだった shinkū datta
Informal negative past 真空ではなかった
真空じゃなかった		 しんくうではなかった
しんくうじゃなかった		 shinkū de wa nakatta
shinkū ja nakatta
Formal 真空です しんくうです shinkū desu
Formal negative 真空ではありません
真空じゃありません		 しんくうではありません
しんくうじゃありません		 shinkū de wa arimasen
shinkū ja arimasen
Formal past 真空でした しんくうでした shinkū deshita
Formal negative past 真空ではありませんでした
真空じゃありませんでした		 しんくうではありませんでした
しんくうじゃありませんでした		 shinkū de wa arimasen deshita
shinkū ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 真空で しんくうで shinkū de
Conditional 真空なら（ば） しんくうなら（ば） shinkū nara (ba)
Provisional 真空だったら しんくうだったら shinkū dattara
Volitional 真空だろう しんくうだろう shinkū darō
Adverbial 真空に しんくうに shinkū ni
Degree 真空さ しんくうさ shinkūsa

Noun

真(しん)空(くう) • (shinkū) 

  1. [from 1876] (physics) vacuum: a region of space that contains no matter, a void
  2. [from 1907] (figurative) a blank, an empty slate
    • 1907, Natsume Sōseki, 虞美人草 (Gubijinsō) [The Poppy]‎ (fiction):
      欽(きん)吾(ご)と藤(ふじ)尾(お)の事(こと)を引(ひ)き抜(ぬ)くと頭(あたま)は真(しん)空(くう)になる。
      Kingo to Fujio no koto o hikinuku to atama wa shinkū ni naru.
      Pulling out thoughts of Kingo and Fujio leave his head a blank slate.
  3. [from 751] (Buddhism) sunyata: void, emptiness, non-existence; also, in the early Buddhist schools, enlightenment, nirvana
    Synonyms: (sunyata) 空 (kū), (nirvana) 涅槃 (nehan)

Derived terms

See also

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
真空

Noun

真空 • (jin'gong) (hangeul 진공)

  1. Alternative form of 眞空 (“vacuum”)

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
真空

Noun

真空

  1. chữ Hán form of chân không (“vacuum”).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.