nirvana
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”), the second part cognate with Russian ве́тер (véter, “wind”), weather, athlete, vent and wind.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /nɪəˈvɑːnə/
- (US) IPA(key): /nɪɹˈvɑnə/, /nɚˈvɑnə/, /nɚˈvænə/
Audio (US) (file)
- (Indian English) IPA(key): /nɪɾˈʋɑːn(ə)/
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːnə
Noun
nirvana (countable and uncountable, plural nirvanas)
- (Buddhism) Complete cessation of suffering; a blissful state attained through realization of sunyata; enlightened experience.
- (non-Buddhist, colloquial) State of paradise; heightened or great pleasure.
Derived terms
Translations
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Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnirʋɑnɑ/, [ˈnirʋɑ̝nɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -irʋɑnɑ
- Syllabification(key): nir‧va‧na
Declension
Inflection of nirvana (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||
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nominative | nirvana | nirvanat | ||
genitive | nirvanan | nirvanoiden nirvanoitten | ||
partitive | nirvanaa | nirvanoita | ||
illative | nirvanaan | nirvanoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | nirvana | nirvanat | ||
accusative | nom. | nirvana | nirvanat | |
gen. | nirvanan | |||
genitive | nirvanan | nirvanoiden nirvanoitten nirvanainrare | ||
partitive | nirvanaa | nirvanoita | ||
inessive | nirvanassa | nirvanoissa | ||
elative | nirvanasta | nirvanoista | ||
illative | nirvanaan | nirvanoihin | ||
adessive | nirvanalla | nirvanoilla | ||
ablative | nirvanalta | nirvanoilta | ||
allative | nirvanalle | nirvanoille | ||
essive | nirvanana | nirvanoina | ||
translative | nirvanaksi | nirvanoiksi | ||
abessive | nirvanatta | nirvanoitta | ||
instructive | — | nirvanoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of nirvana (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
- “nirvana”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /niʁ.va.na/
Audio (file)
Further reading
- “nirvana”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nirˈva.na/
- Rhymes: -ana
- Hyphenation: nir‧và‧na
Related terms
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /niʁˈvɐ̃.nɐ/ [niɦˈvɐ̃.nɐ]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /niɾˈvɐ̃.nɐ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /niʁˈvɐ̃.nɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /niɻˈvɐ.na/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /niɾˈvɐ.nɐ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /niɾˈba.nɐ/ [niɾˈβa.nɐ]
- Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɐnɐ, (Brazil) -ɐ̃nɐ
- Hyphenation: nir‧va‧na
Romanian
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nirʋǎna/
- Hyphenation: nir‧va‧na
Declension
References
- “nirvana” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”). The masculine gender in Spanish seems to adapt the neuter gender of the Sanskrit original, compare mantra, yoga.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /niɾˈbana/ [niɾˈβ̞a.na]
- Rhymes: -ana
- Syllabification: nir‧va‧na
Further reading
- “nirvana”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014