混入

Chinese

		to mix; to get along; thoughtless to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix	to enter
trad. (混入)		混	入
simp. ^#(混入)		混	入

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hùnrù

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄖㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ jap⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fun-ngi̍p
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn-ji̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁶ rib⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnrù
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄖㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnrù
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-ju⁴
  - Yale: hwùn-rù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennruh
  - Palladius: хуньжу (xunʹžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ jap⁶
  - Yale: wahn yahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ jap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ yeb⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² jɐp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun-ngi̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun ngib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun⁴ ngib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵ ŋip̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-ji̍p
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-ji̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnjip
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²⁻²¹ d͡zip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² d͡zip̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ d͡zip̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun³³⁻¹¹ d͡zip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³⁻²¹ zip̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁶ rib⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng ji̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zip̚⁴/

Verb

混入

to sneak into; to mix into (usually when one is not paying attention or otherwise undesirably)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
混	入
こん Grade: 5	にゅう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

From Sinitic 混入 (hùnrù).

Pronunciation

On'yomi.
IPA^(key): /koɴnjuː/, [kõ̞ɴnjɯᵝː]

Noun

混(こん)入(にゅう) • (konnyū) ^{←こんにふ (konnifu)^?}

the act of mixing; the state of being mixed; a mixing or mingling of two or more things, typically in an undesirable way

Derived terms

混入物(こんにゅうぶつ) (konnyūbutsu): an impurity; something that is mixed into something else

Verb

混(こん)入(にゅう)する • (konnyū suru) ^{←こんにふ (konnifu)^?}transitive suru (stem 混(こん)入(にゅう)し (konnyū shi), past 混(こん)入(にゅう)した (konnyū shita))

to mix one thing into another, typically in an undesirable way
味噌汁(みそしる)に毒物(どくぶつ)を混入(こんにゅう)する
miso shiru ni dokubutsu o konnyū suru
to mix poison into miso soup

混(こん)入(にゅう)する • (konnyū suru) ^{←こんにふ (konnifu)^?}intransitive suru (stem 混(こん)入(にゅう)し (konnyū shi), past 混(こん)入(にゅう)した (konnyū shita))

to mingle, to become mixed, to get mixed, typically in an undesirable way
砂糖(さとう)が小麦粉(こむぎこ)に混入(こんにゅう)してしまったのでクッキーを作(つく)りました。
Satō ga komugiko ni konnyū shite shimatta node kukkī o tsukurimashita.
Sugar got mixed with the flour, so I made cookies.
- 1941, 佐藤垢石 Sato Kōseki, たぬき汁 Racoon-Dog Soup,
  恰も、誤って汁のなかへ混入した木片を噛むようなものであった。
  あたかも、あやまってしるのなかへこんにゅうしたもくへんをかむようなものであった。
  
  Atakamo, ayamatte shiru no naka e konnyū shita mokuhen o kamu yō na mono de atta.
  It was as if I was chewing a piece of wood mistakenly mixed into the soup.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "混入する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	混入し	こんにゅうし	konnyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	混入し	こんにゅうし	konnyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	混入する	こんにゅうする	konnyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	混入する	こんにゅうする	konnyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	混入すれ	こんにゅうすれ	konnyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	混入せよ¹ 混入しろ²	こんにゅうせよ¹ こんにゅうしろ²	konnyū seyo¹ konnyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	混入される	こんにゅうされる	konnyū sareru
Causative	混入させる混入さす	こんにゅうさせるこんにゅうさす	konnyū saseru konnyū sasu
Potential	混入できる	こんにゅうできる	konnyū dekiru
Volitional	混入しよう	こんにゅうしよう	konnyū shiyō
Negative	混入しない	こんにゅうしない	konnyū shinai
Negative continuative	混入せず	こんにゅうせず	konnyū sezu
Formal	混入します	こんにゅうします	konnyū shimasu
Perfective	混入した	こんにゅうした	konnyū shita
Conjunctive	混入して	こんにゅうして	konnyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	混入すれば	こんにゅうすれば	konnyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(transitive: mix): 混(ま)ぜる (mazeru)
(intransitive: become mixed): 混(ま)じる (majiru)

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