涙

See also: 淚
涙 U+6D99, 涙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D99
← 涘
[U+6D98] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 涚 →
[U+6D9A]

Translingual
Traditional 淚
Shinjitai 涙
Simplified 泪

Han character

涙 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈尸大 (EISK) or 水一尸大 (EMSK), four-corner 33184, composition ⿰氵戻)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 627, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17573
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 3, page 1634, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6D99

Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 涙 – see 淚 (“tear; teardrop; to weep; to cry”).
(This character is a variant form of 淚).

Japanese

Shinjitai

 涙

Kyūjitai

 淚

Kanji
涙

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 淚)

  1. tears

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
涙
なみだ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
淚 (kyūjitai)
泪
涕

From Old Japanese. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *namita.

Attested in the Nihon Shoki with the man'yōgana spelling 那瀰多 (​namita). The Kojiki and Man'yōshū have 那美多 (​namita),[1] and the Man'yōshū also has later instances where the 多 (ta) was replaced with 太 (da), forming 奈美太 (​namida),[2] indicating a phonetic change over time from namita to namida.

Ultimate derivation unknown. There are interesting phonetic and semantic similarities with Thai น้ำตา (nám-dtaa, “tear”, literally “water + eye”), overlapping semantically with Korean 눈물 (nunmul, “tear”, literally “eye + water”), perhaps pointing to an ancient prehistoric borrowing. However, such similarities may also be purely accidental.

Pronunciation

Noun

涙(なみだ) • (namida) 

  1. tear, teardrop

Verb

涙(なみだ)する • (namida suru) suru (stem 涙(なみだ)し (namida shi), past 涙(なみだ)した (namida shita))

  1. to cry, to weep
Conjugation
Conjugation of "涙する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 涙し なみだし namida shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 涙し なみだし namida shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 涙する なみだする namida suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 涙する なみだする namida suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 涙すれ なみだすれ namida sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 涙せよ¹
涙しろ²		 なみだせよ¹
なみだしろ²		 namida seyo¹
namida shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 涙される なみだされる namida sareru
Causative 涙させる
涙さす		 なみださせる
なみださす		 namida saseru
namida sasu
Potential 涙できる なみだできる namida dekiru
Volitional 涙しよう なみだしよう namida shiyō
Negative 涙しない なみだしない namida shinai
Negative continuative 涙せず なみだせず namida sezu
Formal 涙します なみだします namida shimasu
Perfective 涙した なみだした namida shita
Conjunctive 涙して なみだして namida shite
Hypothetical conditional 涙すれば なみだすれば namida sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
涙
なんだ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
淚 (kyūjitai)

/namida/ → /nanda/

Alteration of namida above.[4][3][5]

Pronunciation

Noun

涙(なんだ) • (nanda) ←なむだ (namuda)?

  1. tear, teardrop

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
涙
なだ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
淚 (kyūjitai)

Alteration of namida or nanda above. Used during the Edo period in the rough informal speech used by the staff and servants of samurai households, and others of lower social rank.[4][3][5]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [na̠da̠]

Noun

涙(なだ) • (nada) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) tear, teardrop

See also

References
  1. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 798:
    , text here
  2. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4398:
    , text here
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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