泣く
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 泣 |
| な Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 哭く |
Etymology
From Old Japanese, derived from 音 (na, “(emotional) sound, voice”, bound form) [1] + く (-ku, verb suffix). Cognate with 鳴く (naku).
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "泣く"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
泣く | なく | [nàkú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 泣け | なけ | [nàké] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 泣かれる | なかれる | [nàkárérú] |
| Causative | 泣かせる | なかせる | [nàkásérú] |
| Potential | 泣ける | なける | [nàkérú] |
| Volitional | 泣こう | なこー | [nàkóꜜò] |
| Negative | 泣かない | なかない | [nàkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 泣かなかった | なかなかった | [nàkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 泣きます | なきます | [nàkímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 泣いた | ないた | [nàítá] |
| Conjunctive | 泣いて | ないて | [nàíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 泣けば | なけば | [nàkéꜜbà] |
Verb
泣く • (naku) godan (stem 泣き (naki), past 泣いた (naita))
- (intransitive) to cry; to weep; to sob
- Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ.８ 格闘演芸会 [Part 8: Fighting Show]”, in らんま½ (らんま½) [Ranma ½], volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 137:
- て、天道あかねっ‼なんてことをするんだっ‼
- Te, Tendō Akane'‼ Nan te koto o suru n da'‼
- Te— Tendō Akane!! How could you!?
- Naku n ja nai'‼
- Quit wailing, will you!?
- て、天道あかねっ‼なんてことをするんだっ‼
- 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武装錬金ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武装錬金 (武装錬金) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 180:
- バカヤロオォ‼許さねぇぞ 武藤ォ！よくも先輩を泣かせやがって…‼
- Baka yarōo‼ Yurusanē zo Mutōo! Yoku mo senpai o nakaseyagatte…‼
- Bastard!! I won’t forgive you, Mutō! How dare you make senpai cry…!!
- バカヤロオォ‼許さねぇぞ 武藤ォ！よくも先輩を泣かせやがって…‼
- (intransitive) to howl
- (transitive) to grieve over something
Conjugation
Conjugation of "泣く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 泣か | なか | naka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 泣き | なき | naki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 泣く | なく | naku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 泣く | なく | naku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 泣け | なけ | nake |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 泣け | なけ | nake |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 泣かれる | なかれる | nakareru |
| Causative | 泣かせる 泣かす |
なかせる なかす |
nakaseru nakasu |
| Potential | 泣ける | なける | nakeru |
| Volitional | 泣こう | なこう | nakō |
| Negative | 泣かない | なかない | nakanai |
| Negative continuative | 泣かず | なかず | nakazu |
| Formal | 泣きます | なきます | nakimasu |
| Perfective | 泣いた | ないた | naita |
| Conjunctive | 泣いて | ないて | naite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 泣けば | なけば | nakeba |
Classical conjugation of "泣く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 泣か | なか | naka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 泣き | なき | naki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 泣く | なく | naku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 泣く | なく | naku |
| Realis (已然形) | 泣け | なけ | nake |
| Imperative (命令形) | 泣け | なけ | nake |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 泣かず | なかず | nakazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 泣けど | なけど | nakedo |
| Causal conjunction | 泣けば | なけば | nakeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 泣かば | なかば | nakaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 泣きき | なきき | nakiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 泣きけり | なきけり | nakikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 泣きつ | なきつ | nakitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 泣きぬ | なきぬ | nakinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 泣けり 泣きたり | なけり なきたり | nakeri nakitari |
| Volitional | 泣かむ | なかむ | nakamu |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 泣き (naki)
- 鳴く (naku), 啼く (naku)
- 泣く泣く (nakunaku, “tearfully, in tears, weeping, crying”)
- しくしく泣く (shikushikunaku, “sob, weep”)
- すすり泣く, 啜り泣く, 啜りなく (susuri-naku, “sob”)
- 一銭を笑う者は一銭に泣く (issen o warau mono wa issen ni naku, “take care of the penny”)
- 名が泣く (naganaku): of a restaurant or a public person, to not be worthy of some reputation
- 咽び泣く (musebinaku, “sob, be choked with tears”)
- 忍び泣く (shinobi-naku, “shed silent tears”)
- 泣く子と地頭には勝てぬ (nakuko to jitō ni wa katenu): you can't fight City Hall, you cannot win against someone who doesn't listen to reason
- 蚊の泣くような声 (ka no naku yō na koe, “very thin voice”)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
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