未曾

Chinese

		not yet; 8th earthly branch; 1–3 p.m.	(refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past (refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past; before; once; great-grand (father)
simp. and trad. (未曾)		未	曾
alternative forms		唔曾 Taishanese contraction

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèicéng

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄥˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mei⁶ cang⁴, mei⁶ jang⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mei⁵ tang³, miang⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bī-chêng / bī-chn̂g / bōe-chêng / bē-chêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê⁷ zêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèicéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèicéng
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴-tsʻêng²
  - Yale: wèi-tséng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytserng
  - Palladius: вэйцэн (vɛjcɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁶ cang⁴, mei⁶ jang⁴
  - Yale: meih chàhng, meih yàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ tsang⁴, mei⁶ jang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ ceng⁴, méi⁶ yeng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/, /mei̯²² jɐŋ²¹/

Note: mei6 jang4 - lenited variant.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mei⁵ tang³, miang⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbei³² tʰaŋ²²/, /ᵐbiaŋ²¹/

Note:

mei5 tang3 - literary;
miang4 - vernacular contraction.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-chêng
  - Tâi-lô: bī-tsîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixzeeng
  - IPA (Taipei): /bi³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-chn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: bī-tsn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixzngg
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe-chêng
  - Tâi-lô: buē-tsîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boexzeeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bue³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bē-chêng
  - Tâi-lô: bē-tsîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bexzeeng
  - IPA (Taipei): /be³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhuê⁷ zêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buē tsêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bue¹¹ t͡seŋ⁵⁵/

Adverb

未曾

(literary or Cantonese, Northern Min, Southern Min) never; not once
我幾乎未曾離開過這個城市。 [MSC, trad.]
我几乎未曾离开过这个城市。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ jīhū wèicéng líkāi guò zhège chéngshì. [Pinyin]
I have hardly ever been out of this city.

Synonyms

不曾 (bùcéng)
未嘗／未尝 (wèicháng)
未始 (wèishǐ)
(Hakka) 哪識／哪识
(Hokkien, Teochew) 毋捌 (m̄ bat)
(Wu) 勿曾

Derived terms

得未曾有 (déwèicéngyǒu)

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