書函

Chinese

		book; letter	envelope; case; letter
trad. (書函)		書	函
simp. (书函)		书	函

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shūhán

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄏㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu¹ haam⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shūhán
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄏㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shuhán
  - Wade–Giles: shu¹-han²
  - Yale: shū-hán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuharn
  - Palladius: шухань (šuxanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵ xän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syu¹ haam⁴
  - Yale: syū hàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy¹ haam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu¹ ham⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː⁵⁵ haːm²¹/

Middle Chinese: syo hom|heam

Rime
Character	書	函	函
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	覃 (159)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	II
Fanqie	傷魚切	胡男切	胡讒切
Baxter	syo	hom	heam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌ/	/ɦʌm/	/ɦˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔ/	/ɦəm/	/ɦᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔ/	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆/	/ɦəm/	/ɦəɨm/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔ/	/ɣᴀm/	/ɣɐm/
Wang Li	/ɕĭo/	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wo/	/ɣăm/	/ɣăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shū	hán	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu¹	ham⁴	haam⁴

Noun

書函

Synonyms

(slipcase):

冊囊／册囊 (Hokkien)
冊橐仔／册橐仔 (Xiamen Hokkien)
封套 (fēngtào)
書套／书套 (shūtào)

(letter):

信
信件 (xìnjiàn)
信函 (xìnhán)
信札 (xìnzhá)
八行 (bāháng) (literary)
八行書／八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary)
函件 (hánjiàn)
手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary)
手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
書／书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
書信／书信 (shūxìn) (formal)
書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)
書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
鴻／鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)

Dialectal synonyms of 信 (“letter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
Mandarin	Beijing	信
	Taiwan	信
	Yantai (Muping)	信
	Jinan	信
	Luoyang	信
	Wanrong	信
	Xi'an	信
	Yinchuan	信
	Lanzhou	信
	Xining	信
	Ürümqi	信
	Wuhan	信
	Chengdu	信
	Guiyang	信
	Guilin	信
	Liuzhou	信
	Xuzhou	信
	Yangzhou	信
	Nanjing	信
	Hefei	信
	Malaysia	信
	Singapore	信
	Dagudi (Maliba)	信
	Reshuitang (Longling)	信
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	信
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	信
Cantonese	Guangzhou	信
	Hong Kong	信
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	信
	Macau	信
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	信
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	信
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	信
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	信
	Foshan	信
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	信
	Foshan (Shunde)	信
	Foshan (Sanshui)	信
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	信
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	信
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	信
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	信
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	信
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	信
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	信
	Taishan	信
	Kaiping (Chikan)	信
	Enping (Niujiang)	信
	Heshan (Yayao)	信
	Dongguan	信
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	信
	Shaoguan	信
	Yunfu	信
	Yangjiang	信
	Xinyi	信
	Lianjiang	信
	Beihai	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	信
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	信
	Singapore (Guangfu)	信
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	信
	Móng Cái	信
Gan	Nanchang	信
	Lichuan	信
	Pingxiang	信
Hakka	Meixian	信
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	信
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	信
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	信
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	信
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	信
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	信
	Wuhua (Changbu)	信
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	信
	Conghua (Lütian)	信
	Luhe	信仔
	Yudu	信
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	信仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	信仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	信仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	信
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	信仔, 信
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	批, 信
	Hong Kong	信
Huizhou	Jixi	信
Jin	Taiyuan	信
Jin	Xinzhou	信
Northern Min	Jian'ou	信
	Songxi	信
	Jianyang	信
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	批
	Gutian	批
	Pingnan	批, 信
	Ningde	批
	Zhouning	批
	Fuding	信
	Matsu	批
	Singapore (Fuqing)	批
Southern Min	Xiamen	批, 批信
	Quanzhou	批, 批信
	Yongchun	批
	Zhangzhou	批, 批信
	Zhao'an	批
	Taipei	批
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	批
	Kaohsiung	批
	Yilan	批
	Changhua (Lukang)	批
	Taichung	批
	Taichung (Wuqi)	批
	Tainan	批, 批信
	Taitung	批
	Hsinchu	批
	Kinmen	批
	Penghu (Magong)	批
	Penang (Hokkien)	批
	Singapore (Hokkien)	批, 批信
	Manila (Hokkien)	批
	Longyan	信
	Datian	信
	Chaozhou	信, 批 international incoming letters
	Bangkok (Teochew)	信, 家批 dated
	Singapore (Teochew)	信, 批
	Batam (Teochew)	信
	Leizhou	信
	Wenchang	信 domestic, 批 international
	Haikou	信
	Singapore (Hainanese)	信, 批
Puxian Min	Putian	批
	Xianyou	批
	Fuding (Aoyao)	批
Central Min	Yong'an	信
Central Min	Shaxian	信
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	信
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	信
Wu	Shanghai	信
	Shanghai (Chongming)	信
	Suzhou	信
	Danyang	信
	Ningbo	信
	Wenzhou	信
	Jinhua	信
Xiang	Changsha	信
	Loudi	信
	Shuangfeng	信

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